Shloka 39

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

समन्मथं तीव्रगतानुरागाःकुलान्विता मन्दगतिं करिण्यः।मदान्वितं सम्परिवार्य यान्तंवनेषु भर्तारमनुप्रयान्ति।।

Transliteration

samanmathaṃ tīvragatānurāgāḥ kulānvitā mandagatiṃ kariṇyaḥ | madānvitaṃ samparivārya yāntaṃ vaneṣu bhartāram anuprayānti ||

Translation

Gajah-gajah betina dari keturunan mulia, dengan cinta yang mengalir deras, mengelilingi dan mengikuti sang tuan yang mabuk birahi, ketika ia melangkah perlahan menembus rimba.

Word by Word

• sa-manmatham: (their lord) with passion/ardour
• sa-manmatham: Karma (कर्म/Object of anuprayānti)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (उपसर्ग/सह) + manmatha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः (सह-सम्बन्धः); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचनम्; करिणीभिः अनुगम्यं भर्तारम् विशेषयति

• tīvra-gata-anurāgāḥ: with intensely deep love
• tīvra-gata-anurāgāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tīvra (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (कृदन्त; √gam 'गम्' क्त) + anurāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहिसमासः; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम् (करिण्यः); 'येषाम् अनुरागः तीव्रगतः' (whose love has become intense)

• kula-anvitāḥ: of noble breed
• kula-anvitāḥ: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kula (प्रातिपदिक) + anvita (कृदन्त; √i 'इ' + anu-, क्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; 'कुलेन अन्विताः' (endowed with noble lineage/breed)

• manda-gatim: slow-moving
• manda-gatim: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: manda (प्रातिपदिक) + gati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमासः; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; भर्तारम् विशेषयति (slow-moving)

• kariṇyaḥ: female elephants
• kariṇyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kariṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्

• mada-anvitam: in rut
• mada-anvitam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mada (प्रातिपदिक) + anvita (कृदन्त; √i 'इ' + anu-, क्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; भर्तारम् विशेषयति (endowed with rut)

• samparivārya: having surrounded
• samparivārya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sampari-√vṛ (धातु; 'वृ' to surround/cover)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive); 'सम्परिवार्य' = having encircled

• yāntam: moving/going
• yāntam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √yā (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; भर्तारम् विशेषयति (while going)

• vaneṣu: in forests
• vaneṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचनम्

• bhartāram: their mate/lord
• bhartāram: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• anuprayānti: follow
• anuprayānti: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-pra-√yā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

Context

'The female elephants of good breed, deeply passionate, gather round and follow their intoxicated lord moving slowly through the forest.

Characters & Entities

• forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It reflects loyalty and following one’s leader/mate, but also hints that attachment can gather around intoxicated power; Dharma asks for loyalty guided by discernment, not mere impulse.

What is the narrative situation?

Continuing the autumn tableau, the narration depicts elephant herds and mating-season behavior.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fidelity and steadfast following—presented as natural devotion, later mirrored in the epic’s ideals of committed companionship.