Shloka 37

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

सूर्यातपक्रामणनष्टपङ्काभूमिश्चिरोदधाटितसान्द्ररेणुः।अन्योन्यवैरेणसमायुतानामुद्योगकालोऽद्य नराधिपानाम्4.30.37।।

Transliteration

sūryātapakrāmaṇanaṣṭapaṅkā bhūmiś cirodghāṭitasāndrareṇuḥ | anyonyavaireṇasamāyutānām udyogakālo ’dya narādhipānām ||

Translation

Oleh panas matahari, lumpur telah mengering, dan setelah lama debu tebal pun kembali beterbangan; hari ini adalah masa yang tepat bagi para raja—yang terikat dalam permusuhan satu sama lain—untuk memulai ekspedisi perang.

Word by Word

• सूर्यातपक्रामणनष्टपङ्का: whose mud has dried up due to the sun’s heat
• सूर्यातपक्रामणनष्टपङ्का: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सूर्य + आतप + क्रामण + नष्ट + पङ्क (प्रातिपदिक; √नश्)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (‘whose mud is destroyed by the sun’s heat/advance’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of भूमिः

• भूमिः: the earth/ground
• भूमिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• चिरोदधाटितसान्द्ररेणुः: with thick dust raised after long (interval)
• चिरोदधाटितसान्द्ररेणुः: विशेषण (Adjectival)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चिर + उद्धाटित + सान्द्र + रेणु (प्रातिपदिक; √धाट्/धाटय् caus. of √धाट्/√धू?; here ‘उद्धाटित’ PPP of उद्+√घाट्/√हन्? used in sense ‘raised’)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (‘whose dense dust has been raised after a long time’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of भूमिः

• अन्योन्यवैरेण: by mutual enmity
• अन्योन्यवैरेण: हेतु/करण (Hetu/Karaṇa; cause/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्योन्य + वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• समायुतानाम्: of those joined/endowed (with)
• समायुतानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + आयुत (प्रातिपदिक; √युज्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण of नराधिपानाम्

• उद्योगकालः: time for enterprise/expedition
• उद्योगकालः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उद्योग + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अद्य: now/today
• अद्य: कालाधिकरण (Time adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (Temporal adverb)

• नराधिपानाम्: of kings
• नराधिपानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (‘lord of men’), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Characters & Entities

• kings (narādhipa)
• sun (sūrya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It points to rāja-dharma as action governed by kāla (timeliness): undertakings—especially political or military—are judged not only by intent but by readiness of conditions and the duty-bound context.

What is the narrative situation?

Autumn makes travel and marching feasible; the narration signals that the time for organized effort and expeditions has arrived.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Strategic prudence and timely resolve—qualities expected of rulers and leaders.