Shloka 8

ताराविलापः

Tara’s Lament over Vāli

Devanagari script

यान्यस्माभिस्त्वया सार्धं वनेषु मधुगन्धिषु।विहृतानि त्वया काले तेषामुपरमः कृतः4.20.8।।

Transliteration

yāny asmābhis tvayā sārdhaṁ vaneṣu madhugandhiṣu | vihṛtāni tvayā kāle teṣām uparamaḥ kṛtaḥ || 4.20.8 ||

Translation

Segala pengembaraan penuh sukacita yang kami nikmati bersamamu di rimba yang semerbak manis—kini engkau telah mengakhirinya.

Word by Word

• यानि: which (things)
• यानि: कर्म (object, with विहृतानि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम-विशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (neuter pronoun/adjective; nominative/accusative plural)

• अस्माभिः: by/with us
• अस्माभिः: सहकारक/सह (associative: 'with us', with सार्धम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; त्रिलिङ्ग-प्रयोगे; तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural)

• त्वया: with you
• त्वया: सहकारक/सह (associative: 'with you', with सार्धम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; त्रिलिङ्ग-प्रयोगे; तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (instrumental singular)

• सार्धम्: together with
• सार्धम्: सम्बन्ध/सह (associative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सार्धम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; सहार्थक-निपातः/उपसर्गवत् (indeclinable particle meaning 'together/with')

• वनेषु: in the forests
• वनेषु: अधिकरण (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे; सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (locative plural)

• मधुगन्धिषु: sweet-scented
• मधुगन्धिषु: अधिकरण (qualifier of location)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुगन्धिन् (प्रातिपदिक: मधु + गन्धिन्)
• Form: विशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (मधोः गन्धः यस्य/येषु) (adjective in locative plural agreeing with वनेषु)

• विहृतानि: enjoyments; pastimes (things enjoyed)
• विहृतानि: कर्म (object: 'the enjoyments/pleasures')
• Type: Noun
• Root: वि + हृ (धातु) → विहृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत्)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तम् (past passive participle used substantively); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (neuter nom./acc. plural)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: कर्ता (agent, with कृतः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (instrumental singular)

• काले: at the time; now
• काले: अधिकरण (time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे; सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (locative singular)

• तेषाम्: of those; their
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation: 'of those [pastimes]')
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (genitive plural)

• उपरमः: cessation; end
• उपरमः: कर्म/फल (resultant state; complement with कृतः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपरम (प्रातिपदिक; उप + √रम्/रम् 'to cease, be quiet' → भाव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (nominative singular)

• कृतः: has been made; was brought about
• कृतः: क्रिया (verbal predicate; passive construction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि) [लट्-लकारार्थे प्रयोगः: 'has been made']
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (past passive participle) पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि-प्रयोगे क्रियापदवत् (PPP used predicatively: 'was made/has been made')

Context

'Our pleasure trips to sweet-scented forests have ended now. You have brought them to a close.

Characters & Entities

• Tārā
• Vāli
• forests (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse teaches the satya of impermanence: worldly pleasures end abruptly. Dharma encourages mindful living without attachment, knowing that enjoyment is not lasting.

What is the narrative situation?

Tārā recalls their past joys together and laments that Vāli’s death has ended them.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Gratitude and remembrance—Tārā honors shared companionship even in loss.