Shloka 28

Devanagari script

तस्य चैवं ब्रुवाणस्य सुग्रीवस्य महात्मनः।करुणं दीनया वाचा राघवः पुनरब्रवीत्4.12.28।।

Transliteration

tasya caivaṁ bruvāṇasya sugrīvasya mahātmanaḥ |

karuṇaṁ dīnayā vācā rāghavaḥ punar abravīt || 4.12.28 ||

Translation

Ketika Sugrīva yang berhati mulia berkata demikian dengan suara pilu dan merendah, Rāghava (Rāma) pun menjawab lagi dengan penuh welas asih.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; genitive = of him (Sugriva)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (manner adverb) = thus/in that way

• ब्रुवाणस्य: while (he) was speaking
• ब्रुवाणस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive absolute-like)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: शानच् (present middle participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘while speaking’ (of Sugriva)

• सुग्रीवस्य: of Sugriva
• सुग्रीवस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; genitive = of Sugriva

• महात्मनः: of the great-souled
• महात्मनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; adjective in genitive qualifying ‘सुग्रीवस्य’ = of the great-souled

• करुणम्: compassionately
• करुणम्: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: करुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; used adverbially = compassionately

• दीनया: piteous
• दीनया: Karana-anvaya (करणविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; qualifies ‘वाचा’ = with a piteous

• वाचा: with speech
• वाचा: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; instrumental = with words/speech

• राघवः: Raghava (Rama)
• राघवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरावृत्तिवाचक अव्यय (adverb) = again

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘said’

Context

On hearing the great Sugriva's miserable and moving words, Rama again said:

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāghava (Rāma)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Compassion (dayā/karuṇā) is presented as a dharmic response to another’s suffering; Rāma answers not with anger but with empathy.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva has spoken in distress; the narration pivots to Rāma’s reply.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s compassion and restraint in speech—responding gently to a troubled ally.