Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 20

कुशिलवगानप्रशंसा

The Commissioning and Public Performance of the Rāmāyaṇa

Devanagari script

प्रीत: कश्चिन्मुनिस्ताभ्यां संस्थित: कलशं ददौ।प्रसन्नो वल्कलं कश्चिद्ददौ ताभ्यां महायशा:।।1.4.20।।

Transliteration

prītaḥ kaścin munis tābhyāṃ saṃsthitaḥ kalaśaṃ dadau | prasanno valkalaṃ kaścid dadau tābhyāṃ mahāyaśāḥ || 1.4.20 ||

Translation

Gembira, seorang muni yang duduk di sana menganugerahkan kepada keduanya sebuah kalaśa (kendi air); dan seorang muni lain yang termasyhur, dengan hati berseri, memberi mereka pakaian dari kulit kayu (valkala).

Word by Word

• प्रीतः: pleased
• प्रीतः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prīta (कृदन्त; √prī (प्री) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP) विशेषण

• कश्चित्: someone
• कश्चित्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaścid (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक-सर्वनाम (indefinite pronoun)

• मुनिः: a sage
• मुनिः: Karta (कर्ता; apposition to कश्चित्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ताभ्याम्: to those two
• ताभ्याम्: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Dative recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (द्विवचन-रूप), चतुर्थी (4th/dative) वा तृतीया (3rd/instrumental) द्विवचन; अत्र सम्प्रदानार्थे चतुर्थी

• संस्थितः: standing/being present (there)
• संस्थितः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃsthita (कृदन्त; √sthā (स्था) + सम् + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP) विशेषण

• कलशम्: a water-pot
• कलशम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kalaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ददौ: gave
• ददौ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (दा) (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• प्रसन्नः: delighted
• प्रसन्नः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prasanna (कृदन्त; √sad (सद्) + प्र + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• वल्कलम्: bark garment
• वल्कलम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: valkala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कश्चित्: someone (another)
• कश्चित्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaścid (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक-सर्वनाम

• ददौ: gave
• ददौ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (दा) (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ताभ्याम्: to those two
• ताभ्याम्: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (4th/dative), द्विवचन

• महायशाः: renowned
• महायशाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; of कश्चित्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahāyaśas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (one who has great fame)

Context

Pleased with the singing, one of the sages seated in the assembly presented them a pitcher. Another sage of renown got so delighted that he gave them garments.

Characters & Entities

• muni (sages)
• Kuśa
• Lava
• kalaśa (water-pitcher)
• valkala (bark garment)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma expresses itself as dāna and honoring merit: those who uphold sacred narration are supported with appropriate gifts.

What is the narrative situation?

Moved by the recitation, sages offer practical and ascetic-appropriate gifts to Kuśa and Lava.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Generosity and gratitude in the sages; worthy livelihood through sacred learning in the singers.