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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 67, Shloka 31

अयोध्यायां शोक-रात्रिः तथा अराजक-राष्ट्रस्य नीतिविचारः

The Night of Lamentation in Ayodhya and the Political Ethics of a Kingless Realm

नाराजके जनपदे स्वकं भवति कस्यचित्।मत्स्या इव नरा नित्यं भक्षयन्ति परस्परम्।।।।

nārājake janapade svakaṃ bhavati kasyacit |

matsyā iva narā nityaṃ bhakṣayanti parasparam || 2.67.31 ||

Di negeri tanpa raja, tiada sesuatu pun sungguh menjadi milik siapa pun; manusia, laksana ikan, senantiasa saling memangsa tanpa henti.

nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle/निषेधाव्यय)
arājakein a kingless (realm)
arājake:
Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
TypeAdjective
Roota-rājaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (janapade)
janapadein the country
janapade:
Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
TypeNoun
Rootjanapada (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरणे
svakamone's own property
svakam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsvaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अत्र प्रथमा (subject of bhavati)
bhavatiexists/becomes
bhavati:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
kasyacitof anyone
kasyacit:
Shashthi-Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootkasya + cit (प्रातिपदिक + अव्यय)
Formकिम्-प्रातिपदिक (interrogative/indefinite), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; 'चित्' अनिश्चितार्थक-निपातः (indefinite particle)
matsyāḥfish
matsyāḥ:
Upamana (उपमानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootmatsya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपमान (standard of comparison)
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle)
narāḥmen
narāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्ता
nityamalways
nityam:
Kriya-Visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative/अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः)
bhakṣayantidevour
bhakṣayanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhakṣ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
parasparamone another
parasparam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparaspara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपरस्परम् (reciprocal adverb/अन्योन्यवाचक-अव्यय), कर्मवत् प्रयोगः

In a country where there is no king, no one can own anything and, like fish, people devour one another ceaselessly.

J
janapada (realm/country)
R
rājā (king, as institution)

FAQs

Dharma requires a legitimate authority to protect rights and restrain violence; without rulership, society collapses into predation where the strong exploit the weak.

The assembly warns Vasiṣṭha that the kingdom cannot remain leaderless after Daśaratha’s death.

Protective governance—restraint, justice, and safeguarding of property and life.