Valmiki Ramayana 2.18.31: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 18, Shloka 31

अष्टादशः सर्गः

Kaikeyī Discloses the Boons: Exile to Daṇḍaka and Bharata’s Consecration

Devanagari script

तमार्जवसमायुक्तमनार्या सत्यवादिनम्।उवाच रामं कैकेयी वचनं भृशदारुणम्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.18.31

Transliteration

tam ārjava-samāyuktam anāryā satyavādinam |

uvāca rāmaṃ kaikeyī vacanaṃ bhṛśa-dāruṇam ||2.18.31||

Translation

Lalu Kaikeyī—yang tidak mulia dalam laku—berkata kepada Rāma, yang teguh pada kelurusan dan kebenaran, dengan kata-kata yang amat kejam.

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Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; अर्थः—तत् (that/therefore)

• ब्रूहि: tell
• ब्रूहि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

• वचनम्: the words
• वचनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• देवि: O Devi
• देवि: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• राज्ञः: of the king
• राज्ञः: Shashthi-Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धि-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• अभिकाङ्क्षितम्: desired
• अभिकाङ्क्षितम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि + काङ्क्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम्—यत् (desired)

• करिष्ये: I shall do
• करिष्ये: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (simple future), आत्मनेपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• प्रतिजाने: I promise
• प्रतिजाने: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति + ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; अर्थः—प्रतिजानामि (I promise)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• द्विः: twice
• द्विः: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: द्विस् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), अर्थः—द्विवारम् (twice)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation)

• अभिभाषते: speaks/utters
• अभिभाषते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + भाष् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

Context

To Rama who was devoted to truth and to rectitude of conduct the ignobale Kaikeyi said:

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Kaikeyī

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Ethics of speech and character: the text contrasts truthful rectitude with cruel, self-serving speech, implying that dharma includes how one speaks to the virtuous.

What is the narrative situation?

The narrator frames Kaikeyī’s forthcoming demand by highlighting Rāma’s virtues and the harshness of what she is about to say.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s ārjava (straightforward integrity) and satya (truthfulness), set against Kaikeyī’s moral deviation.