Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 106, Shloka 25

भरतवाक्यं—रामस्य पुनरायोध्यागमननिषेधः

Bharata’s Plea and Rama’s Refusal to Return

Devanagari script

इदं निखिल मव्यग्रं राज्यं पित्र्यमकण्टकम्।अनुशाधि स्वधर्मेण धर्मज्ञ सहबान्धवैः।।।।

Transliteration

idaṁ nikhilam avyagraṁ rājyaṁ pitryam akaṇṭakam |

anuśādhi svadharmeṇa dharmajña saha-bāndhavaiḥ ||

Translation

Wahai yang mengetahui dharma, pimpinlah seluruh kerajaan warisan ini—yang tenteram dan tanpa rintangan—sesuai dharmamu sendiri, bersama segenap sanak keluarga kita.

Word by Word

• idam: this
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1/2 विभक्ति), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• nikhilam: entire
• nikhilam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nikhila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; adjective qualifying rājyaṃ

• avyagram: undisturbed, untroubled
• avyagram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-vyagra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; adjective qualifying rājyaṃ

• rājyam: kingdom
• rājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Accusative (2 विभक्ति), Singular; object of anuśādhi

• pitryam: paternal, belonging to (our) father
• pitryam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pitṛ + ya (प्रातिपदिक; पितृ-सम्बन्धी)
• Form: Napumsaka, Accusative, Singular; adjective qualifying rājyaṃ

• akaṇṭakam: without thorns/obstacles
• akaṇṭakam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-kaṇṭaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Accusative, Singular; adjective qualifying rājyaṃ

• anuśādhi: rule, govern, command
• anuśādhi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√śās (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

• svadharmeṇa: by/according to your own duty
• svadharmeṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva-dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound: sva + dharma (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध-तत्पुरुष: 'one's own duty'); Masculine, Instrumental (3 विभक्ति), Singular; means/according to

• dharmajña: O knower of righteousness
• dharmajña: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma-jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound: dharma + jña (तत्पुरुष: 'knower of dharma'); Masculine, Vocative (8 विभक्ति), Singular; संबोधन

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; preposition-like indeclinable governing Instrumental (तृतीया)

• bāndhavaiḥ: with (your) kinsmen/relations
• bāndhavaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāndhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3 विभक्ति), Plural (बहुवचन); governed by saha

Context

O one, conversant with righteousness! rule unhindered this entire kingdom along with our relations inherited from our father.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rama
• Ayodhya (implied by kingdom context)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Svadharma in governance: the rightful heir should rule for the welfare of the kingdom, removing obstacles and maintaining stability with the support of family and allies.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata formally offers the kingdom back to Rama and urges him to govern as his ordained duty.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s renunciation of power and commitment to truthfulness about rightful succession.