Shloka 6

The Legend of Hemakuṇḍala: Charity, Decline of the Sons, and Yama’s Judgment

Devanagari script

इत्थं नानाविधैर्वैश्य उपायैरपरैस्तथा । उपार्जयामास सदा अष्टौ हाटककोटयः

Transliteration

itthaṃ nānāvidhairvaiśya upāyairaparaistathā | upārjayāmāsa sadā aṣṭau hāṭakakoṭayaḥ

Translation

Demikianlah, dengan berbagai cara dan upaya lainnya, sang Waisya terus-menerus menghimpun kekayaan delapan krore emas.

Word by Word

• इत्थम्: thus, in this manner
• इत्थम्: Prakāra (प्रकार/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्थम् (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)

• नाना-विधैः: by various kinds (of)
• नाना-विधैः: Karana (करण) (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नाना (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिकवत्) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन); karmadhāraya sense: ‘many kinds (various)’; agrees with उपायैः

• वैश्य: O vaiśya (merchant)
• वैश्य: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

• उपायैः: by means, methods
• उपायैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• अपरैः: other, additional
• अपरैः: Karana (करण) (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with उपायैः

• तथा: also, likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb/particle (तुल्यताबोधक/समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय)

• उपार्जयामास: accumulated, earned
• उपार्जयामास: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + आ + अर्ज् (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (लिट्/Perfect), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); periphrastic perfect (आमास-प्रयोग)

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• अष्टौ: eight
• अष्टौ: Karta (कर्ता) (संख्याविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अष्टन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); numeral agreeing with कोटयः

• हाटक-कोटयः: crores of gold
• हाटक-कोटयः: Karma (कर्म) (प्राप्त-वस्तु/फलरूपेण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हाटक (प्रातिपदिक) + कोटि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘हाटकस्य कोटयः’ (crores of gold)

Speaker

Narrator (contextual speaker not specified in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: नानाविधैर्वैश्य → नाना-विधैः + वैश्य; उपायैरपरैस्तथा → उपायैः + अपरैः + तथा.

FAQs

What does “aṣṭau hāṭakakoṭayaḥ” mean in this verse?

It literally means “eight crores of gold,” i.e., an enormous accumulated sum (hāṭaka = gold; koṭi = crore).

Who is the “Vaiśya” referred to here?

“Vaiśya” denotes a merchant/agriculturalist class person; here it refers to a particular Vaiśya individual in the narrative who acquires great wealth.

What ethical lesson is suggested by “nānāvidhair … upāyaiḥ” (various means)?

The verse highlights resourcefulness in wealth-gaining; ethical evaluation depends on the surrounding passage—this line alone does not specify whether those means are righteous or questionable.