Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 8

The Integrated Dharma-Discipline: Celibacy, Austerity, Charity, Observances, Forgiveness, Purity, Non-violence, Peace, Non-stealing, Self-restraint, and Guru-service

तप एवं समाख्यातं सत्यमेवं वदाम्यहम् । परद्रव्येष्वलोलुप्त्वं परस्त्रीषु तथैव च

tapa evaṃ samākhyātaṃ satyamevaṃ vadāmyaham | paradravyeṣvaloluptvaṃ parastrīṣu tathaiva ca

Demikianlah tapas didefinisikan—ini kukatakan sebagai kebenaran: tidak mengingini harta orang lain, dan demikian pula menahan diri terhadap istri orang lain.

तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)
समाख्यातम्is declared/called
समाख्यातम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-ख्या (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifies तपः)
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Pradhāna (प्रधान/Predicate nominal)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); वाक्ये विधेयपदम् (predicative/appositional)
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
वदामिI say
वदामि:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअहम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
परद्रव्येषुin others' property/wealth
परद्रव्येषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootपर-द्रव्य (प्रातिपदिक; पर + द्रव्य)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: 'others' + 'property'), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)
अलोलुप्त्वम्non-covetousness
अलोलुप्त्वम्:
Pradhāna (प्रधान/Predicate nominal)
TypeNoun
Rootअ-लोलुप-त्व (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + लोलुप + त्व)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); भाववाचक-त्वान्त (abstract noun in -त्व)
परस्त्रीषुamong others' women (others' wives)
परस्त्रीषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootपर-स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक; पर + स्त्री)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), समुच्चय/उपमानार्थ क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: 'likewise')
एवindeed, just
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), अवधारण (particle of emphasis)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

Unspecified (speaker not provided in the input excerpt)

Concept: True tapas is not mere bodily hardship but inner restraint: non-covetousness toward others’ wealth and strict sexual ethics regarding others’ spouses.

Application: Cultivate contentment (saṃtoṣa); avoid envy-driven consumption; set clear boundaries in relationships; practice ‘aparigraha’ in daily spending and digital attention.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A sage sits in quiet austerity beneath a neem tree, one hand raised in instruction, while two temptations appear as faint mirage-like scenes: a heap of gold and a seductive palace chamber—both rendered translucent and receding. The sage’s gaze remains steady on a small Vishnu emblem carved on a stone, symbolizing tapas as inner mastery.","primary_figures":["teaching sage (ṛṣi)","disciple listening","symbolic apparitions of wealth and temptation","subtle Vishnu emblem (śaṅkha-cakra)"],"setting":"forest hermitage with simple hut, sacred fire, and a stone seat; minimal possessions","lighting_mood":"forest dappled","color_palette":["earth brown","ash gray","deep indigo","pale sandalwood","muted gold"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: a forest hermitage with a seated sage instructing a disciple, gold leaf halo around the sage, translucent temptations of gold and palace fading at the edges, rich maroon and green textiles, ornate but restrained detailing, embossed gold on the Vishnu emblem and ritual vessels.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: delicate forest foliage and a quiet āśrama, the sage calm and luminous, temptations painted as faint vignettes in the background, cool greens and blues, refined faces, gentle atmospheric perspective with distant hills.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold outlines, stylized hermitage elements, the sage’s large expressive eyes conveying restraint, symbolic gold pile and palace rendered as flat icon-like motifs fading into a red-ochre background, strong yellow-green-red palette with decorative borders.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: central sage framed by lotus and creeper borders, symbolic motifs of greed and lust shown as small medallions around the border being ‘pushed away’, deep blue ground with gold highlights, symmetrical devotional composition with subtle śaṅkha-cakra at the top."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"authoritative","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"moderate-narrative","voice_tone":"reverent-soft","sound_elements":["crackling sacred fire","rustling leaves","single bell strike at ‘satyam’","soft drone (tanpura)","silence after the final pāda"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: तपः (tapaḥ) from 'tapa'; सत्यमेवम् = सत्यम् + एवम्; वदाम्यहम् = वदामि + अहम्; परद्रव्येष्वलोलुप्त्वम् = परद्रव्येषु + अलोलुप्त्वम्; तथैव = तथा + एव.

FAQs

It defines tapas as inner ethical restraint—specifically, not coveting others’ wealth and maintaining strict restraint regarding others’ wives.

True spiritual discipline is not only physical penance but moral integrity: freedom from greed (toward others’ property) and fidelity/restraint (toward others’ spouses).

It emphasizes inner conduct (self-control and non-covetousness) as the essence of austerity, presenting ethics as a core spiritual practice.