Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 44
Anūcāna (True Learning), the Vedāṅgas, and Śikṣā: Svara, Sāmavedic Chant, and Gandharva Theory
रक्तं पूर्णमलंकृतं प्रसन्नं व्यक्तं विक्रुष्टं श्लक्ष्णं समं सुकुमारं मधुरमिति गुणास्तत्र रक्तं नाम वेणुवीणास्वराणामेकीभावं रक्तमित्युच्यते पूर्णं नाम स्वरश्रुतिपूरणाच्छंदः पादाक्षरं संयोगात्पूर्णमित्युच्यते अलंकृतं नामोरसि शिरसि कंठयुक्तमित्यलंकृतं प्रसन्नं नामापगतागद्गदनिर्विशंकं प्रसन्नमित्युच्यते व्यक्तं नाम पदपदार्थप्रकृतिविकारागमनोपकृत्तद्धितसमासधातुनिपातोपसर्गस्वरलिंगं वृत्तिवार्त्तिकविभक्त्यर्थवचनानां सम्यगुपपादनं व्यक्तमित्युच्यते विक्रुष्टं नामोञ्चैरुञ्चारितं व्यक्तपदाक्षरं विक्रुष्टमित्युच्यते श्लेक्ष्णं नाम द्रुतमविलंबितमुच्चनीचप्लुतसमाहारहेलतालोपनयादिभिरुपपादनाभिः श्लक्ष्णमित्युच्यते समं नामावापनिर्वापप्रदेशे प्रत्यंतरस्थानानां समासः सममित्युच्यते सुकुमारं नाम मृदुपदवर्णस्वरकुहगरणयुक्तं सुकुमारमित्युच्यते मधुरं नाम स्वभावोपनीतललितपदाक्षरगुणसमृद्धं मधुरमित्युच्यते एवमेतैर्दशभिर्गुणैर्युक्तं गानं भवति ॥ १ ॥
raktaṃ pūrṇamalaṃkṛtaṃ prasannaṃ vyaktaṃ vikruṣṭaṃ ślakṣṇaṃ samaṃ sukumāraṃ madhuramiti guṇāstatra raktaṃ nāma veṇuvīṇāsvarāṇāmekībhāvaṃ raktamityucyate pūrṇaṃ nāma svaraśrutipūraṇācchaṃdaḥ pādākṣaraṃ saṃyogātpūrṇamityucyate alaṃkṛtaṃ nāmorasi śirasi kaṃṭhayuktamityalaṃkṛtaṃ prasannaṃ nāmāpagatāgadgadanirviśaṃkaṃ prasannamityucyate vyaktaṃ nāma padapadārthaprakṛtivikārāgamanopakṛttaddhitasamāsadhātunipātopasargasvaraliṃgaṃ vṛttivārttikavibhaktyarthavacanānāṃ samyagupapādanaṃ vyaktamityucyate vikruṣṭaṃ nāmoñcairuñcāritaṃ vyaktapadākṣaraṃ vikruṣṭamityucyate ślekṣṇaṃ nāma drutamavilaṃbitamuccanīcaplutasamāhārahelatālopanayādibhirupapādanābhiḥ ślakṣṇamityucyate samaṃ nāmāvāpanirvāpapradeśe pratyaṃtarasthānānāṃ samāsaḥ samamityucyate sukumāraṃ nāma mṛdupadavarṇasvarakuhagaraṇayuktaṃ sukumāramityucyate madhuraṃ nāma svabhāvopanītalalitapadākṣaraguṇasamṛddhaṃ madhuramityucyate evametairdaśabhirguṇairyuktaṃ gānaṃ bhavati || 1 ||
Sifat-sifat nyanyian ialah: raktā, pūrṇā, alaṅkṛtā, prasannā, vyaktā, vikruṣṭā, ślakṣṇā, samā, sukumārā, dan madhurā. ‘Raktā’ ialah menyatunya nada seruling dan vīṇā; ‘pūrṇā’ ialah pemenuhan nada dan śruti sehingga kaki metrum dan suku kata chandas lengkap; ‘alaṅkṛtā’ bertumpu benar pada dada, kepala, dan tenggorok; ‘prasannā’ jernih tanpa gagap dan tanpa ragu; ‘vyaktā’ menegakkan kata dan makna dengan tata bahasa yang tepat; ‘vikruṣṭā’ diucap lantang dengan artikulasi jelas; ‘ślakṣṇā’ cepat tanpa ragu, selaras tinggi-rendah-panjang, serta tāla dan teknik pendukung; ‘samā’ menyambung posisi antara secara seimbang saat mengambil dan melepas suara; ‘sukumārā’ lembut dan halus; ‘madhurā’ manis, anggun, dan kaya keindahan. Dengan sepuluh sifat ini, nyanyian menjadi sempurna.
Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a Vedāṅga-Śikṣā/phonetics context)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: adbhuta
FAQs
It teaches that sacred sound becomes efficacious when delivered with disciplined phonetics, clarity, and steadiness—linking inner composure (prasanna) with outward correctness (vyakta) so that recitation supports dharma and spiritual refinement.
By defining “madhura” (sweet, naturally graceful) and “prasanna” (clear, doubt-free) delivery, it implies that devotional singing and chanting should be both heartfelt and technically sound, so praise of the Divine is offered without distortion of meaning or mantra-sound.
Śikṣā (phonetics/intonation) and its interface with Vyākaraṇa (grammar): correct accent, articulation, meter-syllable completion, and grammatical formation (dhātu, taddhita, samāsa, vibhakti) are presented as essential for “vyakta” (distinct, well-established) recitation.