Shloka 60

Adhyaya 50 — Mind-Born Progeny, Svayambhuva Manu’s Lineage, and Brahmā’s Ordinance to Duḥsaha (Alakṣmī’s Retinue)

Sanskrit

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च स्वकर्मतः ।

परिच्युतानां या चेष्टा परलोकार्थमीप्सताम् ॥

Transliteration

brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ ca svakarmataḥ | paricyutānāṃ yā ceṣṭā paralokārtham īpsatām ||

Translation

Segala upaya yang dilakukan oleh Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, dan Śūdra yang telah menyimpang dari dharma kewajibannya sendiri, namun menginginkan tujuan alam baka—semuanya adalah usaha yang tersesat.

Word by Word

• brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśām: of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas
• brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣatriya (प्रातिपदिक) + viś (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (brāhmaṇāś ca kṣatriyāś ca viśaś ca)

• śūdrāṇām: of Shudras
• śūdrāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• sva-karmataḥ: from/according to their own duties
• sva-karmataḥ: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (ablatival adverb), -tas प्रत्ययान्त; तत्पुरुष-आधार (svakarmaṇas tas = from/according to one’s own duty)

• paricyutānām: of those who have fallen away
• paricyutānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paricyuta (प्रातिपदिक; √cyu धातु से क्त, pari- उपसर्ग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (fallen away)

• yā: which
• yā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• ceṣṭā: effort, activity
• ceṣṭā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ceṣṭā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• paraloka-artham: for the sake of the next world
• paraloka-artham: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paraloka (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; चतुर्थी-तत्पुरुष (paralokāya arthaḥ) used as accusative of purpose

• īpsatām: of those desiring
• īpsatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: īpsat (प्रातिपदिक; √āp/īps धातु से शतृ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त (present active participle)

Speakers

• Unspecified in input; continuing didactic address within the chapter

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharmya (didactic)", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Varṇa-āśrama duties
• Karma and afterlife
• Right means vs wrong means

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Seeking ‘paraloka’ (post-mortem well-being) cannot be separated from fidelity to one’s rightful obligations. The text frames duty (svakarma) as the stable channel through which merit is properly generated.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic dharma material; not sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita proper, but a normative layer often interwoven with those narratives.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Svadharma’ functions as one’s psycho-spiritual alignment; deviation creates inner contradiction (dvaidhībhāva), which obstructs the subtle ‘path’ to higher states and is here mapped as loss of otherworldly fruit.