Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture
क्वचित् क्वचित् पुनः साभूत् क्षितिर्भाग्येन सर्वशः ।
कालेन गच्छता नाशमुपयान्ति यथा प्रजाः ॥
kvacit kvacit punaḥ sābhūt kṣitirbhāgyena sarvaśaḥ /
kālena gacchatā nāśamupayānti yathā prajāḥ
Kadang-kadang bumi kembali menjadi sepenuhnya makmur karena keberuntungan; namun ketika waktu terus berjalan, mereka menuju kehancuran—sebagaimana makhluk hidup juga demikian.
Prosperity is intermittent and not fully controllable (bhāgya), while decline is inevitable under Kāla. The ethical implication is non-attachment and dharmic use of prosperity when it appears.
Pratisarga/Manvantara: cyclical world-conditions and the role of Kāla in dissolution at the level of societies and epochs.
Kāla is presented as the great equalizer: even ‘earthly’ stability is subject to dissolution, mirroring the yogic contemplation of anitya (impermanence).