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Shloka 45

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

अन्वेकमृक्षमाशस्त्र-तोयोद्बन्धन-वह्निषु ।

विषप्रपातादिमृते प्रायोनाशकयोरपि ॥

Transliteration

anvekamṛkṣam āśastra-toyodbandhana-vahniṣu | viṣa-prapātādi-mṛte prāyo-nāśa-kayor api ||

Translation

Dalam keadaan mati karena binatang buas, senjata, air, gantung/cekik, atau api; juga kematian karena racun, jatuh, dan sejenisnya, serta dalam kasus bunuh diri/pemusnahan diri—berlaku ketentuan khusus sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam konteks sekitarnya.

Word by Word
अन्वेकम्one by one / each in turn
अन्वेकम्:
विशेषण (विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वेक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः ‘अनु+एकम्’ = one after another
ऋक्षम्a bear
ऋक्षम्:
अधिकरण (सन्दर्भ/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootऋक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
आtowards/fully (prefix)
आ:
क्रियाविशेषण (उपसर्ग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
Formउपसर्ग (prefix/particle)
शस्त्रweapon
शस्त्र:
समासाङ्ग (निर्देशक)
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (समासपूर्वपद), एकवचन (समासे अव्यक्त-विभक्ति)
तोयwater
तोय:
समासाङ्ग (निर्देशक)
TypeNoun
Rootतोय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (समासपूर्वपद), एकवचन (समासे)
उद्बन्धनhanging (by a noose)
उद्बन्धन:
समासाङ्ग (निर्देशक)
TypeNoun
Rootउद्+बन्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (समासपूर्वपद), एकवचन (समासे); ‘उद्बन्धन’ = hanging/suspension
वह्निषुin (cases of) weapons, water, hanging, and fire
वह्निषु:
अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समासः (आशस्त्र-तोय-उद्बन्धन-वह्नि) इत्यस्य अन्तिमपद-रूपम्
विषpoison
विष:
समासाङ्ग (निर्देशक)
TypeNoun
Rootविष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (समासपूर्वपद), एकवचन (समासे)
प्रपातa fall / precipice
प्रपात:
समासाङ्ग (निर्देशक)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रपात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (समासपूर्वपद), एकवचन (समासे)
आदिand the like
आदि:
समुच्चय/निर्देश (etc.)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), ‘etc.’ अर्थे; समासे उपपदवत्
मृतेin (a case of) death (from poison, falling, etc.)
मृते:
अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (कृदन्त; √मृ (धातु) + क्त)
Formसप्तमी (अधिकरण) एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) ‘dead’; समासः: विष-प्रपात-आदि-मृते = ‘in death due to poison, falling, etc.’
प्रायःgenerally / usually
प्रायः:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रायः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
नाशकयोःof the two (causes) of destruction
नाशकयोः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootनाशक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), द्विवचन; ‘of the two destroyers/causes of destruction’
अपिalso / even
अपि:
समुच्चय/अपि-कार (also)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle)
Speakers
Dharma-instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic discourse (speaker not specified in the excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
DharmaExceptional death categoriesAśauca exceptionsAntyeṣṭi norms

FAQs

Dharma texts distinguish ordinary from extraordinary deaths to guide communities through complex situations, balancing compassion, social order, and ritual propriety.

Ācāra/dharma instruction; not a pancalakṣaṇa narrative unit.

Violent or irregular deaths are treated as intensified ruptures in order; listing them acknowledges different ‘grades’ of disruption requiring calibrated ritual response.

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