Shloka 20

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

अनिष्टदुष्टशब्दोग्रदुर्गन्धा चात्र कर्मणि ।

कुलापमानकाः श्राद्धे व्यायुञ्ज्य कुलहिंसकाः ॥

Transliteration

aniṣṭa-duṣṭa-śabdogra-durgandhā cātra karmaṇi / kulāpamānakāḥ śrāddhe vyāyuñjya kula-hiṃsakāḥ

Translation

Dalam ritus ini, suara yang tidak mujur dan kasar, serta bau busuk yang menyengat harus dihindari. Mereka yang mencemarkan keluarga, mengacaukan śrāddha, dan merusak garis keturunan hendaknya disingkirkan.

Word by Word

• अनिष्टदुष्टशब्दोग्रदुर्गन्धाः: (those with) unpleasant, wicked, harsh-sounding, foul-smelling (qualities)
• अनिष्टदुष्टशब्दोग्रदुर्गन्धाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + दुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + शब्द (प्रातिपदिक) + उग्र (प्रातिपदिक) + दुर्गन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुपद-कर्मधारय-समास (ugra-durgandhāḥ śabdāḥ etc. as a descriptive cluster)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अत्र: here/in this context
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb: here)

• कर्मणि: in the rite/action
• कर्मणि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• कुलापमानकाः: dishonourers of the family
• कुलापमानकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुल (प्रातिपदिक) + अपमानक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (kulasya apamānakāḥ)

• श्राद्धे: in the śrāddha
• श्राद्धे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• व्यायुञ्ज्य: having employed/engaged
• व्यायुञ्ज्य: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + आ + युज् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• कुलहिंसकाः: destroyers of the family
• कुलहिंसकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुल (प्रातिपदिक) + हिंसक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (kulasya hiṃsakāḥ)

Speakers

• Ritual instruction voice within the Purāṇic dharma discourse (frame-speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Ritual atmosphere
• Social conduct

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Śrāddha is not merely a material offering; it is a cultivated atmosphere of respect. The rite requires guarding speech, soundscape, and company so the intention is not undermined.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sound and smell are subtle ‘carriers’ of mood (bhāva). The verse implies that the Pitṛ-rite is sensitive to subtle disturbances; harmony supports effective saṃkalpa.