Shloka 22

Adhyaya 20 — Ritadhvaja’s Companionship with the Naga Princes and the Origin of the Horse Kuvalaya

Sanskrit

तद्वियोगेन नस्तात ! न पातालञ्च शीतलम् ।

परितापाय तत्सङ्गादाह्लादाय रविर्दिवा ॥

Transliteration

tad-viyogena nas tāta! na pātālañ ca śītalam |

paritāpāya tat-saṅgād āhlādāya ravir divā ||

Translation

Wahai Ayah, karena berpisah darinya, bahkan Pātāla pun tidak terasa sejuk bagi kami. Pada siang hari matahari membakar; namun kebersamaannya mendatangkan sukacita.

Word by Word

• tad-viyogena: by/through that separation
• tad-viyogena: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + viyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (तत्पुरुष): ‘tasya viyogaḥ’ (separation from him/that); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• naḥ: of us / for us
• naḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी/6) plural (बहुवचन) enclitic form

• tāta: O father
• tāta: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध), Indeclinable (अव्यय)

• pātālam: Pātāla (netherworld)
• pātālam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pātāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1) or Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); here Nominative as subject with implied ‘asti’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय), Indeclinable (अव्यय)

• śītalam: cool, pleasant
• śītalam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śītala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1) or Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with pātālam (nom.)

• paritāpāya: for torment
• paritāpāya: Sampradāna/Prayojana (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paritāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (चतुर्थी/4), Singular (एकवचन)

• tat-saṅgāt: from that association
• tat-saṅgāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + saṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (तत्पुरुष): ‘tasya saṅgaḥ’ (association with him/that); Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular (एकवचन)

• āhlādāya: for delight
• āhlādāya: Sampradāna/Prayojana (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āhlāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (चतुर्थी/4), Singular (एकवचन)

• raviḥ: the sun
• raviḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ravi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• divā: by day, in daytime
• divā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: divā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of time (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण), Indeclinable (अव्यय)

Speakers

• Nāga-sons to their father

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Viraha (separation) as inner heat
• Reversal of environmental qualities due to mental state
• Saṅga as solace

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Suffering and comfort are mind-mediated: separation turns even a ‘cool’ realm into discomfort and makes the sun feel like torment. The verse warns how unchecked attachment externalizes well-being and amplifies distress.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic upākhyāna emphasizing inner causality of experience; not directly pancalakṣaṇa doctrinal content.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘cool Pātāla’ becoming ‘not cool’ is a metaphor for the loss of inner śīta (coolness/śānti). Viraha ignites inner agni (paritāpa), while saṅga temporarily cools it—pointing to the deeper need for self-established śānti.