Shloka 49

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

परितापञ्च गात्रेभ्यः पीडाबाधाश्च कृत्स्नशः ।

अपहन्ति नरव्याघ्र यदां कुरु महीपते ॥

Transliteration

paritāpañ ca gātrebhyaḥ pīḍābādhāś ca kṛtsnaśaḥ | apahanti naravyāghra yadāṃ kuru mahīpate ||

Translation

Wahai harimau di antara manusia, wahai penguasa bumi, ketika engkau tetap berada di sini, rasa perih yang membakar dan segala derita yang menyiksa meninggalkan anggota tubuh kami.

Word by Word

• परितापम्: burning pain, torment
• परितापम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिताप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; Accusative singular (object)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय; conjunction

• गात्रेभ्यः: from the limbs
• गात्रेभ्यः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), बहुवचन; Ablative plural (from)

• पीडा: pain
• पीडा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पीडा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular (subject, part of compound-like coordination)

• बाधाः: afflictions
• बाधाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय; conjunction

• कृत्स्नशः: entirely, completely
• कृत्स्नशः: Visheshana (विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कृत्स्नशस् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकार/परिमाण-वाचक; adverb = 'entirely, wholly'

• अपहन्ति: remove, drive away
• अपहन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप-हन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; Present indicative, 3rd person plural

• नरव्याघ्र: O tiger among men
• नरव्याघ्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर-व्याघ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular; कर्मधारयः = 'man who is a tiger'

• यदा: when
• यदा: Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय; temporal adverb 'when'

• कुरु: O Kuru (king)
• कुरु: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular (addressing a Kuru king)

• महीपते: O lord of the earth
• महीपते: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही-पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः = 'lord of the earth'

Speakers

• Beings undergoing torment (collective) addressing the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Puṇya as protective force
• Compassionate kingship
• Karmic alleviation
• Naraka imagery

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is presented as concretely beneficial: righteousness has tangible effects—here, the alleviation of others’ suffering—highlighting the king’s role as a bearer of collective welfare.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative reinforcing dharma and karmaphala; not a pañcalakṣaṇa cosmological/genealogical unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘cooling’ of torment suggests the pacification (śamana) of inner fires (krodha, tṛṣṇā) through contact with sattvic presence.