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Shloka 1

Chapter 40: Śiva in Kirāta Disguise Tests Arjuna

Mūka-vadha and the Contest

हि >> न (0) है चत्वारिशो< ध्याय: भगवान्‌ शंकरका अर्जुनको वरदान देकर अपने धामको प्रस्थान देवदेव उवाच नरस्त्वं पूर्वदेहे वै नारायणसहायवान्‌ । बदर्या तप्तवानुग्र॑ं तपो वर्षायुतान्‌ बहूनू,देवदेव महादेवजी बोले--अर्जुन! तुम पूर्व-शरीरमें “नर' नामक सुप्रसिद्ध ऋषि थे। नारायण तुम्हारे सखा हैं। तुमने बदरिकाश्रममें अनेक सहस्र वर्षोतक उग्र तपस्या की है

devadeva uvāca | naras tvaṁ pūrvadehe vai nārāyaṇa-sahāyavān | badaryā taptavān ugraṁ tapo varṣāyutān bahūn ||

Dewa para dewa (Mahadewa) bersabda: “Wahai Arjuna, dalam penjelmaan terdahulu engkau adalah resi termasyhur bernama Nara, dan Nārāyaṇa adalah sahabat serta penopangmu. Di Badarī engkau menjalani tapa yang dahsyat selama banyak puluh ribu tahun.”

देवदेवःthe god of gods
देवदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
नरःNara (the sage named Nara)
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
पूर्वदेहेin a former body
पूर्वदेहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वदेह
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
नारायणसहायवान्having Nārāyaṇa as helper/companion
नारायणसहायवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनारायणसहायवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बदर्याःfrom Badarī (Badarikā-āśrama region)
बदर्याः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबदरी
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
तप्तवान्performed (austerity)
तप्तवान्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
Formक्तवतुँ (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce, intense
उग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वर्षायुतान्amounting to ten-thousands of years
वर्षायुतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्षायुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बहून्many
बहून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

देवदेव उवाच

D
Devadeva (Śiva/Mahādeva)
A
Arjuna
N
Nara
N
Nārāyaṇa
B
Badarī (Badarikāśrama)

Educational Q&A

True strength and divine favor are portrayed as the fruit of sustained tapas and righteous alignment: Arjuna’s present capacity is grounded in a prior life of intense discipline as Nara, supported by Nārāyaṇa.

Śiva addresses Arjuna and reveals his former identity as the sage Nara, paired with Nārāyaṇa, recalling their long austerities at Badarī—thereby legitimizing Arjuna’s spiritual stature and the boon-context of the episode.