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Shloka 1

Draupadī-apaharaṇa-saṃdeśaḥ

Report of Draupadī’s Abduction and the Pāṇḍavas’ Pursuit

हि मय ० (0) है 7 द्विपज्चाशर्दाधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: सर्नेपर दुर्योधन धनको समझाना और कर्णके अनुरोध करनेपर दुयोधनका अनशन त्याग करके हस्तिनापुरको प्रस्थान दानवा ऊचु: भो: सुयोधन राजेन्द्र भरतानां कुलोद्वह । शूरै: परिवृतो नित्यं तथैव च महात्मभि:,दानव बोले--भरतवंशका भार वहन करनेवाले महाराज सुयोधन! आप सदा शूरवीरों तथा महामना पुरुषोंसे घिरे रहते हैं, फिर आपने यह आमरण उपवास करनेका साहस क्‍यों किया है? आत्महत्या करनेवाला पुरुष तो अधोगतिको प्राप्त होता है और लोकमें उसकी निन्‍्दा होती है, जो अयश फैलानेवाली है

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca — dānavā ūcuḥ: bhoḥ suyodhana rājendra bharatānāṃ kulodvaha | śūraiḥ parivṛto nityaṃ tathaiva ca mahātmabhiḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana berkata: Para Dānava berseru, “Wahai Suyodhana, raja di antara para raja, penopang wangsa Bharata! Engkau senantiasa dikelilingi para kesatria dan insan berhati luhur. Mengapa, kalau begitu, engkau berani berniat berpuasa sampai mati? Orang yang memusnahkan dirinya jatuh ke keadaan yang rendah, dan di dunia ia menuai cela—yang hanya menyebarkan nama buruk.”

दानवाःthe Danavas (demons)
दानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
भोःO! (vocative particle)
भोः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभोः
सुयोधनO Suyodhana (Duryodhana)
सुयोधन:
TypeNoun
Rootसुयोधन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भरतानाम्of the Bharatas
भरतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कुलोद्वहO upholder of the lineage
कुलोद्वह:
TypeNoun
Rootकुलोद्वह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शूरैःby heroes
शूरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
परिवृतःsurrounded
परिवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-वृत (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महात्मभिःby great-souled men
महात्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Dānavas
S
Suyodhana (Duryodhana)
B
Bharatas (Bharata lineage)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames self-destruction (or a death-fast undertaken in despair) as ethically blameworthy: it leads to a ‘lower state’ and public censure. For a king charged with upholding a lineage, endurance and responsible action are presented as superior to self-harm motivated by frustration or wounded pride.

In Vana Parva, Adhyaya 253, the Dānavas address Duryodhana (Suyodhana). Noting that he is supported by brave and noble allies, they question why he attempted an ‘āmarana’ fast (fasting unto death) and warn him about the disgrace and negative consequences associated with self-killing.