Shloka 31
Duryodhana’s Śaraṇāgati and the Pāṇḍavas’ Resolve
Gandharva Encounter
Devanagari script
तस्मिन् रथे पशुपति: स्थितो भात्युमया सह
Transliteration
tasmin rathe paśupatiḥ sthito bhāty umayā saha
Translation
Di atas kereta itu berdiri Paśupati, Śiva, bersinar gemilang bersama Umā.
Word by Word
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
रथेin the chariot
रथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पशुपतिःPashupati (Lord of beings; Shiva)
पशुपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपशुपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्थितःstanding/seated; having taken position
स्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु) → स्थित (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भातिshines/appears
भाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभा
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular
उमयाwith Uma (Parvati)
उमया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
Speaker
मार्कण्डेय उवाच
Characters & Entities
म
मार्कण्डेय (Mārkaṇḍeya)प
पशुपति (Paśupati/Śiva)उ
उमा (Umā/Pārvatī)र
रथ (chariot)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse foregrounds the auspicious and protective power of divine presence: when Śiva (Paśupati) is envisioned as manifest and radiant—especially together with Umā—it signifies order, blessing, and the safeguarding of beings under the Lord of creatures.
Mārkaṇḍeya describes a striking scene: on a particular chariot, Śiva is seen standing and shining, accompanied by Umā. The line functions as a vivid visual marker of a theophany or divinely charged moment within the story.