Shloka 10

धनिष्ठादिस्तदा कालो ब्रह्मणा परिकल्पित: । रोहिणी हाभवत्‌ पूर्वमेवं संख्या समाभवत्‌,“अभिजितका पतन होनेसे ब्रह्माजीने धनिष्ठासे ही (सत्ययुग आदि) कालकी गणनाका क्रम निश्चित किया (क्योंकि वही उस समय युगादि नक्षत्र था)। इसके पूर्व रोहिणीको ही युगादि नक्षत्र माना जाता था (क्योंकि उसीके प्रारम्भकालमें चन्द्रमा, सूर्य तथा गुरुका योग होता था)--इस प्रकार नाक्षत्र मासकी दिन-संख्या उन दिनों सम थी”

Dhaniṣṭhādistadā kālo brahmaṇā parikalpitaḥ | Rohiṇī hābhavat pūrvam evaṃ saṅkhyā samābhavat ||

Pada masa itu Brahma menetapkan perhitungan waktu dengan permulaan dari Dhaniṣṭhā. Sebelumnya, Rohiṇī dianggap sebagai asterisme awal; demikianlah pada masa itu hitungan hari dalam bulan lunar dipandang genap dan teratur.

धनिष्ठा-आदिःbeginning with (the nakshatra) Dhanishtha / Dhanishtha as the beginning
धनिष्ठा-आदिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनिष्ठा + आदि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen, at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
कालःtime; (the) time-reckoning
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मणाby Brahmā
ब्रह्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परिकल्पितःwas arranged/ordained
परिकल्पितः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + कल्प (धातु) → परिकल्पित (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)
रोहिणीRohiṇī (nakshatra)
रोहिणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरोहिणी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
हाindeed/for (emphatic particle); or 'alas' (context-dependent)
हा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा
अभवत्was/became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
संख्याcount, enumeration
संख्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सम्together; completely (as preverb/particle)
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
अभवत्was/became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
B
Brahmā
D
Dhaniṣṭhā (nakṣatra)
R
Rohiṇī (nakṣatra)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes that cosmic order and social time-reckoning (kāla-saṅkhyā) are not arbitrary: they are grounded in an authoritative, divinely instituted framework (here attributed to Brahmā), while also acknowledging that conventions can shift across eras (from Rohiṇī to Dhaniṣṭhā as the starting nakṣatra).

Mārkaṇḍeya explains an older astronomical/traditional convention about how time was counted by nakṣatras: at one period Brahmā fixed the sequence beginning with Dhaniṣṭhā, whereas earlier tradition treated Rohiṇī as the initial asterism; he notes that the lunar-month day-count was considered even/regular in that earlier arrangement.