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Shloka 21

Skanda-janma: Śivā/Svāhā, Agni, and the Manifestation of Guha

Mahābhārata 3.214

जीवात्मकानि जानीहि रज: सत्त्वं तमस्तथा । जीवमात्मगुणं विद्धि तथा55त्मानं परात्मकम्‌,ब्रह्म! आप यह जान लें कि सत्त्वगुण (प्रकाश), रजोगुण (प्रवृत्ति) और तमोगुण (मोह)--ये जीवात्मक हैं; अर्थात्‌ जीवात्माके अन्तःकरणके विकार हैं, जीव आत्माका गुण (सेवक) है और आत्मा परमात्मस्वरूप है। भाव यह कि परमात्माको ही यहाँ आत्मा कहा गया है

jīvātmakāni jānīhi rajaḥ sattvaṃ tamas tathā | jīvam ātmaguṇaṃ viddhi tathātmānaṃ parātmakam, brahma ||

Ketahuilah bahwa rajas, sattva, dan tamas bersifat jīvātmika—yakni perubahan pada alat batin. Pahamilah jīva sebagai sifat yang bergantung pada Diri; sedangkan Diri itu bersifat Paramātman, wahai Brahmana.

जीवात्मकानिhaving the nature of the jīva; belonging to the individual soul
जीवात्मकानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवात्मक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
जानीहिknow (you)
जानीहि:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperative, Second, Singular
रजःrajas (activity/passion)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्वम्sattva (clarity/goodness)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमःtamas (darkness/delusion)
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
जीवम्the jīva (individual soul)
जीवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मगुणम्a quality/attribute of the self
आत्मगुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्धिknow; understand (you)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
आत्मानम्the Self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परात्मकम्having the nature of the Supreme (Paramātman)
परात्मकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरात्मक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मO Brahman (O Absolute / O Brahmā)
ब्रह्म:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Vocative, Singular

व्याध उवाच

V
vyādha (the hunter, speaker)
B
brahma (a brahmin addressee)

Educational Q&A

Rajas, sattva, and tamas are not the true Self; they are conditions affecting the jīva’s mind and behavior. One should discriminate these guṇas and orient oneself to the higher Self (paramātman), which is the stable ground for dharmic conduct.

In the Vyādha’s instruction to a brahmin, the speaker explains a metaphysical-ethical framework: the guṇas belong to the conditioned individual, while the true Self is aligned with the Supreme. This teaching supports the broader Vana Parva theme of learning dharma through unexpected teachers and inner discipline.