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Shloka 28

अग्निनाम-वंश-निरूपणम् | Agni-Names and Lineage Enumeration

बहु लोके विपर्यस्तं दृश्यते द्विजसत्तम । धर्मयुक्तमधर्म च तत्र कि प्रतिभाति ते,द्विजश्रेष्ठ! इस प्रकार जगत्‌में अनेक उलटी बातें दिखायी देती हैं। अधर्म भी धर्मसे युक्त प्रतीत होता है। इस विषयमें आप क्या समझते हैं?

bahu loke viparyastaṃ dṛśyate dvijasattama | dharmayuktam adharmaṃ ca tatra kiṃ pratibhāti te dvijaśreṣṭha ||

Mārkaṇḍeya berkata: “Wahai yang terbaik di antara para dwija, di dunia banyak hal tampak terbalik; bahkan adharma pun seakan berselimut dharma. Dalam perkara ini, wahai brahmana utama, apa yang tampak dalam pengertianmu?”

बहुmuch, many (a lot)
बहु:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विपर्यस्तंreversed, perverted, topsy-turvy
विपर्यस्तं:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविपर्यस्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दृश्यतेis seen, appears
दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive/Impersonal (appears/is seen)
द्विजसत्तमO best of the twice-born (brahmin)
द्विजसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मयुक्तम्connected with dharma, appearing righteous
धर्मयुक्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म-युक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अधर्मम्unrighteousness, adharma
अधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and, also
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्रthere, in that matter
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिभातिseems, appears, occurs (to the mind)
प्रतिभाति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-भा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
द्विजश्रेष्ठO best of the twice-born
द्विजश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights moral ambiguity: in the world, appearances can invert values so that adharma may look like dharma. It prompts discernment (viveka) rather than relying on outward labels, urging a deeper inquiry into what truly constitutes righteousness.

Mārkaṇḍeya addresses a respected brāhmaṇa interlocutor, observing that worldly events often seem upside down and that wrongdoing can masquerade as righteousness. He asks the listener to state their understanding, setting up a reflective discussion on how to judge dharma amid confusing circumstances.