Shloka 59

श्वभ्यश्न श्वपचेभ्यश्व वयोभ्यश्वावपेद्‌ भुवि । वैश्वदेवं हि नामैतत्‌ सायं प्रातश्न॒ दीयते,कुत्तों, चाण्डालों और कौवोंके लिये पृथ्वीपर अन्न डाल दे। यह वैश्वदेव नामक महान्‌ यज्ञ है, जिसका अनुष्ठान प्रातःकाल और सायंकालमें भी किया जाता है

śvabhyaś ca śvapacebhyaś ca vayobhyaś cāvaped bhuvi | vaiśvadevaṁ hi nāmaitat sāyaṁ prātaś ca dīyate ||

Letakkan makanan di tanah bagi anjing, bagi kaum terbuang (śvapaca), dan bagi burung-burung. Inilah upacara agung bernama Vaiśvadeva, yang dipersembahkan pada petang dan juga pada pagi hari.

श्वभ्यःto dogs
श्वभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्वपचेभ्यःto dog-cookers (chandalas/outcastes)
श्वपचेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootश्वपच
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वयोभ्यःto birds (esp. crows)
वयोभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवयस्
FormNeuter, Dative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवपेत्should scatter/should place (down)
अवपेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव√प (वप्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भुविon the ground/on earth
भुवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभू
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
वैश्वदेवम्the Vaiśvadeva (rite/oblation)
वैश्वदेवम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्वदेव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
नामby name/called
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सायम्in the evening
सायम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसायम्
प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दीयतेis given/is offered
दीयते:
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दा)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive)

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
dogs (śva)
Ś
śvapaca (outcaste)
B
birds (vayaḥ)
V
Vaiśvadeva (rite)

Educational Q&A

Dharma includes daily, practical compassion: one should set aside food even for beings and people at the margins (dogs, birds, and outcastes). Such giving is framed as Vaiśvadeva—an everyday sacrificial duty performed morning and evening—showing that ritual is fulfilled through ethical care for living beings.

Yudhiṣṭhira explains a householder’s (or disciplined person’s) daily obligation: before or alongside one’s own meal, food should be offered outside for animals and those who may not be welcomed into the home. He identifies this act as the Vaiśvadeva rite, to be done regularly at dawn and dusk.