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Shloka 22

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

वेद्य॑ सर्प परं ब्रह्म निर्दुः:खमसुखं च यत्‌ । यत्र गत्वा न शोचन्ति भवत: कि विवक्षितम्‌,सर्प! जाननेयोग्य तत्त्व तो परम ब्रह्म ही है, जो दुःख और सुखसे परे है तथा जहाँ पहुँचकर अथवा जिसे जानकर मनुष्य शोकके पार हो जाता है। बताओ, तुम्हें अब इस विषयमें क्या कहना है?

vedyaḥ sarpa paraṁ brahma nirduḥkham asukhaṁ ca yat | yatra gatvā na śocanti bhavataḥ ki vivakṣitam, sarpa ||

Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai ular, yang patut diketahui adalah Brahman Tertinggi—melampaui duka dan melampaui suka. Setelah mencapainya (atau menyadarinya), manusia tidak berduka. Katakan, wahai ular: apa yang hendak engkau sampaikan tentang hal ini?”

वेद्यःto be known, knowable
वेद्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेद्य (विद् धातु से, कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्पO serpent
सर्प:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मBrahman, the Absolute
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
निर्दुःखम्free from sorrow
निर्दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्दुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
असुखम्free from pleasure (beyond pleasure)
असुखम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
गत्वाhaving gone (having reached)
गत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शोचन्तिthey grieve
शोचन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormPresent, Third, Plural
भवतःof you (honorific)
भवतः:
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विवक्षितम्intended to be said, meant
विवक्षितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + वच् (क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्पO serpent
सर्प:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sarpa (serpent)

Educational Q&A

The verse points to the supreme Brahman as the highest knowable reality, characterized as transcending the dualities of pleasure and pain; realization of it ends grief, implying liberation through knowledge and detachment.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a serpent interlocutor and frames the discussion around ultimate knowledge: he states that realizing Brahman removes sorrow, then invites the serpent to state what further point or instruction it wishes to convey.