Shloka 11

Devanagari script

हनूमानुवाच कृतं नाम युगं तात यत्र धर्म: सनातन: । कृतमेव न कर्तव्यं तस्मिन्‌ काले युगोत्तमे,हनुमानजी बोले--तात! सबसे पहला कृतयुग है। उसमें सनातनधर्मकी पूर्ण स्थिति रहती है। उसका कृतयुग नाम इसलिये पड़ा है कि उस उत्तम युगके लोग अपना सब कर्तव्यकर्म सम्पन्न ही कर लेते थे। उनके लिये कुछ करना शेष नहीं रहता था (अतः “कृतम्‌ एव सर्व शुभं यस्मिन्‌ युगे” इस व्युत्पत्तिक अनुसार वह “कृतयुग” कहलाया)

Transliteration

Hanūmān uvāca: kṛtaṃ nāma yugaṃ tāta yatra dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ | kṛtam eva na kartavyaṃ tasmin kāle yugottame ||

Translation

Hanuman berkata: “Anakku, zaman yang paling awal disebut Kṛta Yuga; di sana Dharma yang abadi berdiri dalam kekuatan penuhnya. Pada yuga yang luhur itu, segala yang seharusnya dilakukan telah ‘kṛta’—telah tuntas; tiada kewajiban yang tersisa. Karena itulah ia dinamai Kṛta, ‘zaman yang telah selesai’.”

Word by Word

हनूमान्Hanuman

उवाचsaid/spoke

कृतम्done; accomplished

नामname

युगम्age; era

तातdear one; son (vocative address)

यत्रwhere; in which (time/condition)

धर्मःdharma; righteousness

सनातनःeternal

कृतम्done; accomplished

एवindeed; just

नnot

कर्तव्यम्to be done; obligatory

तस्मिन्in that

कालेin the time

युगोत्तमेin the best of ages

Speaker

भीम उवाच

Characters & Entities

Hanuman

Kṛta Yuga

Sanātana Dharma

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines Kṛta Yuga as the era in which eternal Dharma is fully established and human duties are naturally fulfilled; moral life is ‘complete’, leaving no neglected obligations.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Bhīma–Hanuman encounter in the Vana Parva, Hanuman explains the nature of the yugas; here he characterizes the first age, Kṛta Yuga, as the highest period of complete righteousness and fulfilled duty.