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Shloka 61

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

सर्वार्थानां व्याकरणाद्‌ वैयाकरण उच्यते । तन्मूलतो व्याकरणं व्याकरोतीति तत्‌ तथा

sarvārthānāṁ vyākaraṇād vaiyākaraṇa ucyate | tanmūlato vyākaraṇaṁ vyākarotīti tat tathā |

Karena menguraikan dan menampakkan makna segala sesuatu, seorang bijak disebut vaiyākaraṇa (ahli tata bahasa). Namun pada hakikat terdalam, sumber mula—Brahman—itulah yang sungguh-sungguh ‘menguraikan’ dan menyingkapkan seluruh makna; dan orang terpelajar, dengan menjernihkan makna dengan cara serupa, karenanya juga disebut vaiyākaraṇa.

सर्वार्थानाम्of all meanings/purposes
सर्वार्थानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वार्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
व्याकरणात्from grammar / by means of grammar
व्याकरणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootव्याकरण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
वैयाकरणःa grammarian
वैयाकरणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैयाकरण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मूलतःfrom the root / fundamentally
मूलतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमूलतः
व्याकरणम्grammar / analysis
व्याकरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्याकरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्याकरोतिdoes, makes; analyzes/expounds
व्याकरोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाso; in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
B
Brahman (implied as the मूल/source)

Educational Q&A

The verse redefines ‘grammar’ as the power to disclose meaning: ultimately Brahman is the true revealer of all meanings, while a learned person is called a grammarian insofar as he makes meanings clear in speech and understanding.

In the Sanatsujātīya section of Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs Dhṛtarāṣṭra on higher knowledge; here he uses the term ‘vaiyākaraṇa’ to connect linguistic analysis with metaphysical revelation, pointing beyond technical grammar to Brahman as the ground of all intelligibility.