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Shloka 266

Yuddha-yajña-vyākhyāna (The Battle as Sacrifice): Ambarīṣa–Indra Saṃvāda

उदगाता तत्र संग्रामे त्रिसामा दुन्दुभि्न॑प । राजन! वाणीद्वारा ललकारने और महावतोंके अंकुशोंकी मार खानेपर हाथी जो चिग्घाड़ते हैं

udagātā tatra saṅgrāme trisāmā dundubhir nṛpa | rājan vāṇīdvārā lalakāraṇe ca mahāvatānām aṅkuśa-māra-khinnā gajānāṁ cicchāḍa-śabdaḥ kolāhala-karatala-dhvani-sahitaḥ sa yajñe vaṣaṭkāraḥ | nareśvara saṅgrāme yasyā dundubheḥ gambhīrā dhvaniḥ sa eva sāmavedasya trīṇi mantrāṇi paṭhan udagātā ||

Wahai raja, dalam pertempuran itu genderang perang sendirilah sang Udgātṛ, pelantun tiga Sāman. Teriakan tantangan dari mulut, dan pekik gajah yang dipukul kait para mahout—bercampur hiruk-pikuk serta gemuruh tepuk tangan—menjadi seruan vaṣaṭ dalam yajña itu. Dan, wahai penguasa manusia, dentang dalam yang bergema dari genderang perang itulah Udgātṛ yang melagukan tiga bait Sāman.

उदगाताthe Udgātā (Sāma-chanter)
उदगाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउद्गातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
संग्रामेin the battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
त्रिसामाhaving/reciting three Sāman (three Sāma-mantras)
त्रिसामा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिसामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुन्दुभिःthe war-drum (dundubhi)
दुन्दुभिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुन्दुभि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अम्बरीष उवाच

A
Ambarīṣa
K
king (addressed as nṛpa/rājan/nareśvara)
D
dundubhi (war-drum)
E
elephants (gaja)
M
mahouts (mahāvata)
A
aṅkuśa (elephant-goad)
U
Udgātṛ priest (udagātā)
S
Sāmaveda / Sāman chants
V
vaṣaṭkāra

Educational Q&A

The verse reimagines the battlefield through the grammar of Vedic sacrifice: the drum becomes the Udgātṛ, and the cries and elephant-trumpeting become the vaṣaṭ-call. It highlights how kings and warriors interpret action through dharma and ritual categories, stressing the moral weight and solemnity of war.

Ambarīṣa addresses a king and describes the sounds of battle—shouts, clamor, clapping, elephant cries, and the deep drumbeat—mapping each onto elements of a yajña, especially the Udgātṛ’s Sāman chanting and the vaṣaṭ exclamation.