Shloka 13
ब्रह्मघोष-प्रवर्तनम्, अनध्याय-नियमः, वायु-मार्ग-वर्णनम्
Restoring Vedic Recitation, the Anadhyaya Rule, and the Taxonomy of Winds
पुरुष प्रकृतिसे भिन्न और नित्य है तथा अव्यक्त (प्रकृति) पुरुषसे भिन्न एवं अनित्य है। जैसे सींकसे मूँज अलग होती है, उसी प्रकार प्रकृति भी पुरुषसे पृथक् है ।।
puruṣaḥ prakṛteḥ bhinnaḥ nityaś ca; avyaktā (prakṛtiḥ) api puruṣāt bhinnā anityā ca. yathā śīṅkāt muñjaḥ pṛthak, tathā prakṛtir api puruṣāt pṛthak. anyac ca maśakaṃ vidyāt anyac codumbaraṃ tathā; na codumbarasaṃyogaiḥ maśakas tatra lipyate. tathā matsyaḥ anyo dravyaṃ, jalaṃ cānyat; jalasparśena matsyo na kadācana lipyate.
Yājñavalkya bersabda: Puruṣa (Diri yang sadar) berbeda dari Prakṛti dan bersifat kekal; dan yang Tak-Termanifestasi (Prakṛti) pun berbeda dari Puruṣa serta tidak kekal. Seperti serat-inti (iṣīkā) dapat dipisahkan dari batang muñja, demikian pula Prakṛti terpisah dari Puruṣa. Ketahuilah pula: seekor agas adalah satu hal, dan udumbara (ara bergerombol) hal lain; walau tampak bersama, agas itu tidak ternoda oleh buah ara hanya karena berdekatan. Demikian juga ikan adalah satu hal dan air hal lain; oleh sentuhan air, ikan tidak pernah menjadi tercemar. Maka, kedekatan semata tidak membuat Sang Diri terikat atau ternoda oleh alam kebendaan.
याज़्वल्क्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches viveka (discriminative knowledge): the conscious Self (Puruṣa) is essentially distinct from material nature (Prakṛti/Avyakta). Because bondage is only due to association (saṃyoga) and misidentification, the Self is not truly tainted by the body-mind or by contact with the world—just as a gnat is not ‘smeared’ by the fig it inhabits, and a fish is not stained by water.
In the Śānti Parva’s mokṣa-oriented instruction, the sage Yājñavalkya is expounding metaphysical doctrine to clarify how liberation is possible. He uses everyday similes (muñja from its stalk; gnat and udumbara; fish and water) to show that proximity does not imply identity, reinforcing detachment and the understanding that the Self remains untouched.