Shloka 30

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

Devanagari script

न नर्मयुक्तमनृतं हिनस्ति न स्त्रीषु राजन्‌ न विवाहकाले | न गुर्वर्थ नात्मनो जीवितार्थे पज्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि,राजन! परिहासमें, स्त्रीके पास, विवाहके अवसर-पर, गुरुके हितके लिये अथवा अपने प्राण बचानेके उद्देश्यसे बोला गया असत्य हानिकारक नहीं होता। इन पाँच अवसरोंपर असत्य बोलना पाप नहीं बताया गया है

Transliteration

na narmayuktam anṛtaṁ hinasti na strīṣu rājan na vivāhakāle | na gurvarthe nātmano jīvitārthe pañcānṛtāny āhur apātakāni rājan ||

Translation

Bhishma berkata: “Wahai Raja, kebohongan yang diucapkan sebagai gurauan tidak mendatangkan mudarat; demikian pula yang diucapkan kepada seorang perempuan, atau pada saat pernikahan. Begitu juga kebohongan demi kesejahteraan guru, atau untuk menyelamatkan nyawa sendiri, tidak dipandang tercela. Wahai Raja, lima keadaan inilah yang dinyatakan sebagai saat-saat ketika berkata tidak benar tidak dihitung sebagai dosa.”

Word by Word

• {'narma-yuktam': 'connected with jest, playful banter', 'anṛtam': 'untruth, false statement', 'hinasti': 'harms, injures', 'strīṣu': 'among/with women

• in relation to women', 'rājan': 'O king (vocative address)', 'vivāha-kāle': 'at the time of marriage', 'guru-arthe (gurv-arthe)': 'for the sake/benefit of the teacher', 'ātmano': 'of oneself', 'jīvita-arthe (jīvitārthe)': 'for the sake of life

• to preserve one’s life', 'pañca': 'five', 'anṛtāni': 'untruths (plural instances of falsehood)', 'āhuḥ': 'they say

• it is declared', 'apātakāni': 'not sinful

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• rājan (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Truthfulness is a central virtue, yet Bhishma notes limited, context-bound exceptions where speaking an untruth is not treated as sinful: in jest, in certain speech with women, during marriage arrangements, for a teacher’s welfare, and to save one’s life.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma instruction, Bhishma is advising King Yudhiṣṭhira on ethical conduct, specifically the nuanced rules governing speech and when strict truth-telling may be relaxed without incurring sin.