Shloka 49

आपद्धर्मनिर्णयः — विश्वामित्र-श्वपचसंवादः

Apaddharma Determination: Dialogue of Viśvāmitra and the Śvapaca

Devanagari script

ततोड<र्थगतितत्त्वज्ञ: संधिविग्रहकालवित्‌ | सान्त्वपूर्वमिदं वाक्‍्यं मार्जारं मूषिकोडब्रवीत्‌

Transliteration

tato 'rthagati-tattvajñaḥ sandhi-vigraha-kāla-vit | sāntva-pūrvam idaṃ vākyaṃ mārjāraṃ mūṣiko 'bravīt ||

Translation

Lalu si tikus—yang memahami benar arah keuntungan dan asas-asas upaya yang tepat, serta tahu kapan bersekutu dan kapan berkonflik—menimbang niat musuhnya. Dengan maksud menenangkan terlebih dahulu, ia berbicara kepada si kucing dengan kata-kata manis dan mendamaikan, memilih diplomasi sebagai langkah awal yang patut sebelum menempuh jalan yang lebih keras.

Word by Word

• {'tataḥ': 'then, thereafter', 'artha-gati': 'the course/trajectory of advantage or practical success', 'tattva-jñaḥ': 'knower of the true principle

• one who understands reality', 'sandhi': 'alliance, treaty, making peace', 'vigraha': 'hostility, conflict, rupture', 'kāla-vit': 'knower of the proper time/occasion', 'sāntva-pūrvam': 'beginning with conciliation

• preceded by appeasement', 'idaṃ vākyaṃ': 'these words

• this statement', 'mārjāram': 'the cat', 'mūṣikaḥ': 'the mouse', 'abravīt': 'said, spoke'}

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• mūṣika (mouse)
• mārjāra (cat)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Wise conduct begins with discerning the opponent’s intent and choosing the right method at the right time; conciliation (sāntva) is often the first and most ethical strategic step before escalation to open conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhīṣma’s discourse on nīti, the mouse evaluates the cat’s hostile designs and, knowing the proper occasions for alliance or conflict, speaks to the cat in soothing, diplomatic language to manage danger and gain advantage.