उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः
Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment
न हारण्येन शक््येत गन्तुं मृगगणैरिव । तस्मात् सेनासु तानेव योजयन्ति जयार्थिन:
na hāraṇyena śakyeta gantuṁ mṛgagaṇair iva | tasmāt senāsu tān eva yojayanti jayārthinaḥ ||
Manusia tidak dapat bergerak di rimba dengan mudah seperti kawanan binatang liar. Karena itu, raja-raja yang mendambakan kemenangan menempatkan para mata-mata itu di dalam bala tentara sebagai penunjuk jalan dan perintis rute.
भीष्म उवाच
Effective leadership recognizes human limitations and compensates through trained specialists; victory-oriented rulers integrate intelligence personnel as practical guides, especially in difficult terrain.
In Bhishma’s instruction on kingship and governance, he explains why rulers employ spies within the army: unlike wild animals, humans cannot easily navigate forests, so knowledgeable agents are assigned to guide movements for success in campaigns.