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Shloka 42

ते द्रोणपुत्रमासाद्य यथावृत्तं नयवेदयन्‌

te droṇaputram āsādya yathāvṛttaṃ nyavedayan |

Sañjaya berkata: Para utusan itu mendatangi putra Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā) dan melaporkan dengan tepat sebagaimana terjadinya seluruh peristiwa—bagaimana Bhīmasena bertindak dalam duel gada dan bagaimana sang raja dijatuhkan. Setelah menyampaikan kabar itu, mereka yang dilalap duka lama tenggelam dalam kecemasan; lalu, dengan hati diguncang ratap dan nestapa, mereka pergi sebagaimana mereka datang.

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्रोणपुत्रम्Drona's son (Ashvatthaman)
द्रोणपुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आसाद्यhaving approached
आसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), prior action
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वृत्तम्the event, what happened
वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
न्यवेदयन्they reported, informed
न्यवेदयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√विद् (वेदयति)
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇaputra (Aśvatthāmā)
B
Bhīmasena
T
the king (Duryodhana, in the context of the mace-fight)
M
messengers (saṃdeśavāhakāḥ)
G
gadā (mace)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the moral weight of wartime conduct persists beyond the battlefield: actions in combat (especially those seen as improper) generate grief, agitation, and further escalation. It underscores the ethical scrutiny of kṣatriya behavior and the psychological consequences of adharma-perceived acts.

Messengers arrive to Aśvatthāmā and narrate the events of the mace-duel—Bhīma’s manner of fighting and the king’s being brought down. After delivering the report, they remain absorbed in sorrowful reflection for a time and then depart, leaving Aśvatthāmā with the grim news.