Shloka 393

Devanagari script

हत्वा त्वदीयं सुमहत्‌ सैन्यं शड्खांस्तथाधमन्‌ | माननीय नरेश! चेकितान, शिखण्डी और द्रौपदीके पाँचों पुत्र आपकी विशाल सेनाका विनाश करके शंख बजाने लगे

Transliteration

hatvā tvadīyaṃ sumahat sainyaṃ śaṅkhāṃs tathā adhaman | mānanīya nareśa! cekitānaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca draupadyāḥ pañca putrāś ca tava viśāla-senā-vināśaṃ kṛtvā śaṅkhān anādayan |

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: Setelah membunuh bagian yang sangat besar dari pasukanmu, mereka meniup sangkakala. Wahai raja yang mulia, Cekitāna, Śikhaṇḍī, dan kelima putra Draupadī—sesudah membinasakan bala tentaramu yang luas—mulai membunyikan sangkakala kemenangan.

Word by Word

• हत्वा: having slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भाव (क्रियाविशेषण)

• त्वदीयम्: your
• त्वदीयम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वदीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सुमहत्: very great
• सुमहत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• शङ्खान्: conches
• शङ्खान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तथा: then/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• अधमन्: they blew (sounded)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धम् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• माननीय: venerable
• Type: Adjective
• Root: माननीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• नरेश: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• चेकितानः: Chekitana
• चेकितानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: चेकितान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शिखण्डी: Shikhandi
• शिखण्डी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिखण्डिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्रौपदेयाः: Draupadi’s sons
• द्रौपदेयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रौपदेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पञ्च: five
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पञ्च

• पुत्राः: sons
• पुत्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तव: of you/your
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• विशालाम्: vast
• विशालाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विशाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• सेनाम्: army
• सेनाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• विनाश्य: having destroyed
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नश् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त-समकक्ष (absolutive), क्रियाविशेषण

• शङ्खान्: conches
• शङ्खान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अधमन्: they blew
• Type: Verb
• Root: धम् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address 'nareśa')
• Cekitāna
• Śikhaṇḍī
• Draupadī
• Draupadī’s five sons (Upapāṇḍavas)
• Conch (śaṅkha)
• Kaurava army (implied by 'your army')

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical tension of kṣatriya-dharma: martial success is publicly signaled as rightful prowess, yet it is inseparable from massive loss. Triumph (conch-blowing) and tragedy (slaughter of a vast host) coexist, reminding the listener that victory in war carries grave human cost and karmic consequence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that Pāṇḍava-side warriors—Cekitāna, Śikhaṇḍī, and Draupadī’s five sons—have inflicted heavy destruction on the king’s forces and then sounded their conches as a battlefield proclamation of success and momentum.