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Shloka 4

'प्रजानाथ! शत्रुओंके साथ-साथ तुमलोगोंके पास भी विशाल सेना जुट गयी थी; परंतु परस्पर युद्ध करके प्रायः नष्ट हो गयी, अब थोड़ी-सी ही शेष रह गयी है ।।

bhūtvā vai kauravāḥ pārtha prabhūta-gaja-vājinaḥ | tvāṃ vai śatruṃ samāsādya vinaṣṭā raṇa-mūrdhani ||

Wahai Pārtha! Kaum Kaurava sungguh telah menjadi bala tentara yang perkasa, kaya akan gajah dan kuda. Namun, ketika berhadapan denganmu sebagai musuh yang dahsyat, mereka hancur di garis terdepan pertempuran.

भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
वैindeed
वै:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
कौरवाःthe Kauravas
कौरवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रभूतabundant, numerous
प्रभूत:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभूत (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गजवाजिनःelephants and horses (those possessing them / elephant-and-horse forces)
गजवाजिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगजवाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
FormAccusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
शत्रुम्enemy
शत्रुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving approached/encountered
समासाद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद् (धातु)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
विनष्टाःwere destroyed, perished
विनष्टाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√नश् (धातु) / विनष्ट (कृदन्त)
Formक्त (past passive participle used predicatively), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, कर्मणि (sense), predicative
रणमूर्धनिon the battlefield-front / at the head of battle
रणमूर्धनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरणमूर्धन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
K
Kauravas
E
elephants
H
horses
B
battlefront (raṇa-mūrdhan)

Educational Q&A

Even vast material strength—numbers, elephants, horses—can collapse when opposed by superior valor, strategy, and the momentum of dharma-driven resolve; the verse underscores the fragility of power when it is misdirected or ethically compromised.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava forces, though once immense and well-equipped, have been largely destroyed after confronting Arjuna (Pārtha) at the forefront of the fighting.