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Shloka 21

अभिमन्यु-पराक्रमवर्णनम्

Abhimanyu’s Prowess and the Duḥśāsana Engagement

मृदुर्भूत्वा महाराज दारुण: समपद्यत । वर्षाभ्यतीतो भगवाञ्छरदीव दिवाकर:,महाराज! जैसे वर्षाकाल बीतनेपर शरत्कालमें भगवान्‌ सूर्य प्रचण्ड हो उठते हैं, उसी प्रकार अभिमन्यु पहले मृदु होकर अन्तमें शत्रुओंके लिये अति उग्र हो उठा

sañjaya uvāca | mṛdur bhūtvā mahārāja dāruṇaḥ samapadyata | varṣābhyatīto bhagavāñ śaradīva divākaraḥ ||

Wahai Raja, mula-mula ia tampak lembut, namun kemudian menjadi ganas. Seperti matahari yang mulia, setelah musim hujan berlalu, menyala tajam pada musim gugur—demikianlah Abhimanyu pada akhirnya bangkit menjadi dahsyat bagi musuh-musuhnya.

मृदुःgentle, soft
मृदुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा, Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund), Absolutive (having become)
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दारुणःfierce, terrible
दारुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समपद्यतbecame, turned into
समपद्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + पद्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), Past, Third, Singular, Ātmanepada
वर्षाभ्यतीतःafter the rains have passed; the rainy season having elapsed
वर्षाभ्यतीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्ष + अभि + अतीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle sense: 'gone beyond/elapsed')
भगवान्the revered one (here: the Sun)
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरदिin autumn
शरदि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
दिवाकरःthe Sun
दिवाकरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदिवाकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
D
Divākara (the Sun)
V
Varṣā (rainy season)
Ś
Śarad (autumn)
A
Abhimanyu (contextual referent)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights controlled strength: gentleness is not weakness, and when dharma demands—especially in a kṣatriya context—one may shift from mildness to necessary fierceness. The seasonal simile suggests that intensity can be timely, purposeful, and situational rather than constant.

Sañjaya describes a warrior’s change in battle-temperament: after initially appearing mild, he becomes formidable to his foes, compared to the sun that grows scorching in autumn after the monsoon has ended.