Shloka 12
तमोगुण-निरूपण
Analysis of Tamas and its Marks
सम्मोहोऊज्ञानमत्याग: कर्मणामविनिर्णय: । स्वप्न: स्तम्भो भयं लोभ: स्वत: सुकृतदूषणम्
vāyudeva uvāca | sammoho 'jñānam atyāgaḥ karmaṇām avinirṇayaḥ | svapnaḥ stambho bhayaṁ lobhaḥ svataḥ sukṛtadūṣaṇam | tatra tatra niyamyante sarve te tāmasā guṇāḥ |
Vāyu bersabda: “Kebingungan batin, kebodohan, enggan melepaskan keterikatan, ketidakmampuan menilai perbuatan, tidur dan kelambanan, kaku kehendak, takut, serakah, serta kebiasaan mencela bahkan kebajikan diri sendiri—semuanya adalah tanda-tanda guṇa tamas; di bawah kuasanya manusia berulang kali terbelenggu dan dikendalikan.”
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse identifies hallmark traits of tamas—delusion, ignorance, indecision, lethargy, fear, greed, and even mistrusting one’s own good deeds—and frames them as forces that obstruct clear judgment and righteous action.
Vāyudeva is speaking in a didactic context, explaining the nature of the guṇas. Here he characterizes tamas by listing the mental and ethical defects through which it manifests in human conduct.