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Shloka 43

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

चाण्डालश्वपचौ वर्ज्यौ निवापे समुपस्थिते | काषायवासा: कुछ्ठी वा पतितो ब्रह्म॒हापि वा

bhīṣma uvāca | cāṇḍālaśvapacau varjyau nivāpe samupasthite | kāṣāyavāsāḥ kuṣṭhī vā patito brahmahāpi vā |

Bhishma berkata: “Ketika saat mempersembahkan piṇḍa (bola-bola nasi untuk arwah) telah tiba, hendaknya orang menjauhkan dari tempat itu Caṇḍāla dan śvapaca (pemasak anjing). Demikian pula pada waktu śrāddha, menurut ketetapan para bijak, mereka seperti pertapa berjubah oker, penderita kusta, orang yang jatuh dari dharma, bahkan pembunuh brāhmaṇa, patut disingkirkan dari sekitar—agar upacara terlaksana tanpa halangan dan dalam kemurnian sesuai aturan.”

चाण्डालa Caṇḍāla (outcaste)
चाण्डाल:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचाण्डाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
श्वपचौa dog-cooker (low-caste person)
श्वपचौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वपच
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
वर्ज्यौto be excluded/avoided
वर्ज्यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्ज्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
निवापेat the offering (piṇḍa/śrāddha offering)
निवापे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिवाप
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
समुपस्थितेwhen present/arrived
समुपस्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-उप-स्था
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
काषाय-वासा:one whose clothing is ochre (ascetic)
काषाय-वासा::
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाषायवासा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुष्ठीa leper
कुष्ठी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुष्ठिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पतितःa fallen person (outcaste by conduct)
पतितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपतित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्महाa slayer of a brāhmaṇa
ब्रह्महा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
cāṇḍāla
Ś
śvapaca
N
nivāpa (piṇḍa-offering)
K
kāṣāya-vāsas (ochre-robed renunciant)
K
kuṣṭhī
P
patita
B
brahmahā

Educational Q&A

The verse states a dharmaśāstra-style rule for ancestral rites: when performing nivāpa/piṇḍa and śrāddha, certain persons considered ritually obstructive (by traditional norms) should be kept away so the rite proceeds with prescribed purity and focus.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, including detailed conduct for śrāddha and offerings to ancestors. Here he specifies who should be excluded from the ritual space at the time of the offering.