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Shloka 20

दैव–पुरुषकार-प्रश्नः

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Inquiry: Fate and Human Effort

अकृत्वा मानुषं कर्म यो दैवमनुवर्तते । वृथा श्राम्यति सम्प्राप्पय पतिं क्लीबमिवाड़ना

akṛtvā mānuṣaṁ karma yo daivam anuvartate | vṛthā śrāmyati samprāpya patiṁ klībam ivāṅganā ||

Orang yang tidak melakukan usaha yang layak bagi manusia, lalu hanya mengikuti apa yang disebutnya ‘takdir’, akan letih sia-sia dengan bersandar pada nasib. Seperti seorang perempuan yang, meski telah memperoleh suami, tetap menderita—karena suaminya mandul.

अकृत्वाnot having done / without doing
अकृत्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वा, कर्तरि, अव्यय (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)
मानुषम्human (proper to humans)
मानुषम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन
कर्मaction, duty
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
दैवम्fate, the divine (dispensation)
दैवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदैव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अनुवर्ततेfollows, conforms to
अनुवर्तते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-वृत् (धातु)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, एकवचन
वृथाin vain, uselessly
वृथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवृथा (अव्यय)
श्राम्यतिtoils, suffers fatigue
श्राम्यति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootश्रम् (धातु)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम, एकवचन
सम्प्राप्यhaving obtained, having reached
सम्प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-आप् (धातु)
Formल्यप् (क्त्वान्त-समकक्ष), कर्तरि, अव्यय (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)
पतिम्husband
पतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
क्लीबम्impotent, eunuch-like
क्लीबम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्लीब (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
अङ्गनाwoman
अङ्गना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्गना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
daiva (fate/destiny)
A
aṅganā (woman/wife)
P
pati (husband)

Educational Q&A

One should not abandon proper human effort (mānuṣa-karma) and hide behind ‘fate’ (daiva). Dharma is fulfilled through responsible action; relying on destiny alone leads to wasted hardship and no meaningful result.

Bhīṣma is instructing on nīti and dharma, warning against fatalism. He uses a sharp simile: just as a woman suffers even after ‘obtaining a husband’ if he is klība (incapable), so too a person suffers fruitlessly when ‘destiny’ is treated as the sole support while one’s own duty is left undone.