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Shloka 39

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

गृहीतपाणिरेका5<सीत्‌ _प्राप्तशुल्का पराभवत्‌ | कन्या गृहीता तत्रैव विसर्ज्या इति मे पिता,उनमेंसे एक कन्या अम्बा अपना हाथ शाल्वराजके हाथमें दे चुकी थी; अर्थात्‌ मन-ही- मन उनको अपना पति मान चुकी थी। दूसरी (दो कन्‍्याओं)-का काशिराजको शुल्क प्राप्त हो गया था। इसलिये मेरे पिता (चाचा) कुरुवंशी बाह्नीकने वहीं कहा कि “जो कन्या पाणिगृहीत हो चुकी है उसका त्याग कर दो और दूसरी कन्याका (जिनके लिये शुल्कमात्र लिया गया है) विवाह करो।' मुझे चाचाजीके इस कथनमें संदेह था, इसलिये मैंने दूसरोंसे भी इसके विषयमें पूछा

gṛhītapāṇir ekā āsīt prāptaśulkā parābhavat | kanyā gṛhītā tatraiva visarjyā iti me pitā |

Bhīṣma berkata: “Salah seorang gadis telah ‘dipegang tangannya’—ia telah terikat. Adapun yang lain, raja Kāśī telah menerima śulka (uang pengantin). Karena itu ayahku (tetua garis kami) berkata di tempat itu juga: ‘Lepaskan gadis yang sudah terikat; nikahilah yang lain.’ Namun aku ragu akan kebenaran ucapan itu, maka aku pun bertanya kepada orang lain tentang jalan dharma yang tepat.”

गृहीतपाणिःhaving (already) taken the hand; handfast (married/engaged)
गृहीतपाणिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगृहीतपाणि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एकाone (girl)
एका:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राप्तशुल्काfor whom the bride-price had been received
प्राप्तशुल्का:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्तशुल्क
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पराभवत्was set aside/was rejected; was defeated (contextually: became invalid)
पराभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपराभू
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
Ambā
Ś
Śālva (Śālvarāja)
K
Kāśirāja (King of Kāśī)
B
Bāhlīka (Kuru elder, as per the given context)
K
Kāśī

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharma as a careful weighing of competing marital claims: a prior personal commitment (pāṇigrahaṇa/accepted husband) can override later force or arrangement, while a mere financial transaction (śulka received) creates a different kind of obligation. Bhishma also models ethical caution by seeking clarification when unsure.

After the Kāśī princesses are brought to the Kuru side, it is disclosed that Ambā has already mentally/ritually accepted Śālva. The family elder rules that she should be released, while the others—whose marriage arrangements are tied to the received śulka—should proceed to marriage. Bhishma admits doubt and consults others about the correct dharma.