Shloka 34
Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma
क्योंकि इस प्रकार जो कन्याके लिये आभूषण लेकर कन्यादान किया जाता है, वह न तो मूल्य है और न विक्रय ही; इसलिये कन्याके लिये कोई वस्तु स्वीकार करके कन्याका दान करना सनातन धर्म है ।।
bhīṣma uvāca | evaṃ hi yā kanyāyāḥ kṛte bhūṣaṇāni gṛhītvā kanyādānaṃ kriyate, na tat mūlyaṃ na ca vikrayaḥ; tasmāt kanyāyāḥ kṛte kiñcid vastu pratigṛhya kanyādānaṃ sanātano dharmaḥ || dāsyāmi bhavate kanyām iti pūrvaṃ na bhāṣitam | ye cāhuyeṃ ca nāhuyeṃ ye cāvaśyaṃ vadanty uta, teṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ vacanāni kanyā-dānāt pūrvaṃ na uktavat-tulyāni ||
Bhīṣma berkata: Perhiasan yang diterima pada saat kanyādāna bukanlah ‘harga’ dan bukan pula ‘jual-beli’; karena itu, menerima suatu pemberian adat bagi sang gadis lalu menyerahkannya dalam pernikahan dipandang sebagai dharma kuno. Namun ucapan, “Aku akan memberikan putriku kepadamu,” tidak dianggap mengikat sejak awal: entah seseorang berkata kepada pelamar yang berbeda “akan kuberikan,” atau “tidak akan kuberikan,” atau bahkan “pasti akan kuberikan,” semua pernyataan itu—hingga kanyādāna benar-benar terlaksana—dipandang belum mengikat.
भीष्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma distinguishes customary marriage gifts (like ornaments for the bride) from a commercial sale: accepting such items does not make the maiden a commodity. He also teaches that verbal assurances about giving a daughter are not fully binding until the formal act of kanyādāna is actually performed.
In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he addresses norms around marriage arrangements: what counts as legitimate customary giving, and how to evaluate spoken promises about giving a maiden before the marriage rite is completed.