Shloka 41
यज्ञप्रवर्तनम् (Yajña-pravartana) — The Institution/Commencement of Sacrifice in Dvāpara
Devanagari script
राजानः शूद्रभूयिष्ठाः पाखण्डानां प्रवर्त्तकाः / गुणहीनाः प्रजाश्चैव तदा वै संप्रवर्त्तते
Transliteration
rājānaḥ śūdrabhūyiṣṭhāḥ pākhaṇḍānāṃ pravarttakāḥ / guṇahīnāḥ prajāścaiva tadā vai saṃpravarttate
Translation
Saat itu para raja didominasi sifat śūdra dan menjadi penggerak pākhaṇḍa; rakyat pun tanpa kebajikan, dan keadaan demikian meluas.
Word by Word
rājānaḥkings
rājānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
śūdra-bhūyiṣṭhāḥmostly Śūdra-like
śūdra-bhūyiṣṭhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of rājānaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūyiṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); तत्पुरुष (upapada-like): ‘mostly Śūdra-like/Śūdra-dominant’
pākhaṇḍānāmof heretics/false sects
pākhaṇḍānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootpākhaṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
pravarttakāḥpromoters, instigators
pravarttakāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject, apposition to rājānaḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootpra√vṛt (धातु) → pravarttaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); कर्तृवाचक-प्रातिपदिक (agent noun)
guṇa-hīnāḥdevoid of virtues
guṇa-hīnāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of rājānaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); नञ्-रहितार्थ तत्पुरुष: ‘devoid of qualities’
prajāḥsubjects, people
prajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject, coordinated)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle of emphasis)
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphatic particle)
saṃpravarttateproceeds, comes into full operation
saṃpravarttate:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootsaṃpra√vṛt (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद