Shloka 68
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
स्वायंभुवेंऽतरे देवैर्यज्ञस्तैः प्राक्प्रवर्त्तितः / सत्यं जपस्तपो दानं त्रेताया धर्म उच्यते
Transliteration
svāyaṃbhuveṃ'tare devairyajñastaiḥ prākpravarttitaḥ / satyaṃ japastapo dānaṃ tretāyā dharma ucyate
Translation
Pada Manvantara Svayambhuva, para dewa dahulu memulai yajña; pada Yuga Tretā, satya, japa, tapa, dan dāna disebut sebagai dharma.
Word by Word
svāyaṃbhuvein (the period of) Svāyaṃbhuva
svāyaṃbhuve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvāyaṃbhuva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; proper name/Manu-epoch reference
antarein the manvantara/interval
antare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootantara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; used adverbially with locative: 'in the interval/Manvantara'
devaiḥby the gods
devaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural
yajñaḥthe sacrifice
yajñaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyajña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
taiḥby them/with those
taiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; pronoun
prākformerly
prāk:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāk (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (काल/देश-अव्यय): 'formerly/before'
pravartitaḥwas set in motion/was instituted
pravartitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√vṛt (धातु) + -ta (कृत्)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/ktá), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with yajñaḥ
satyamtruthfulness
satyam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
japaḥmuttering/prayer-recitation
japaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjapa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
tapaḥausterity
tapaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
dānamgift/charity
dānam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
tretāyāḥof the Tretā (age)
tretāyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottretā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; yuga-name
dharmaḥdharma (righteous order)
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
ucyateis said/is called
ucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्/Laṭ), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular