Shloka 49
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
आदिकल्पे तु देवानां प्रादुर्भूतास्तु याः स्वयम् / प्राणाशेष्वथ सिद्धीनामन्यासां च प्रवर्त्तनम्
Transliteration
ādikalpe tu devānāṃ prādurbhūtāstu yāḥ svayam / prāṇāśeṣvatha siddhīnāmanyāsāṃ ca pravarttanam
Translation
Pada kalpa permulaan, siddhi para dewa yang muncul dengan sendirinya; ketika daya hidup menipis, berbagai siddhi lainnya pun mulai bergerak dan berfungsi.
Word by Word
ādi-kalpein the primordial/first aeon
ādi-kalpe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootādi + kalpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन — ‘in the first kalpa’
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha/Contrast (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrast/emphasis)
devānāmof the gods
devānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन — ‘of the gods’
prādur-bhūtāḥappeared/manifested
prādur-bhūtāḥ:
Karta-pradhāna viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootprādur + √bhū (भू धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formकृदन्त (past participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘manifested/appeared’
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात
yāḥwhich (ones)
yāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन — relative pronoun ‘which (ones)’
svayamby themselves
svayam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb) — ‘by oneself/automatically’
prāṇa-āśeṣuin the vital breaths/life-forces
prāṇa-āśeṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa + āśaya/āśeṣa? (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपाठानुसार ‘प्राणाशेषु’ = प्राण + आशेषु (loc. pl.); तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन — ‘in/among the prāṇas (vital functions)’
athathen/thereupon
atha:
Sambandha/Sequence (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (sequencing particle) — ‘then/now’
siddhīnāmof the accomplishments/powers
siddhīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootsiddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन — ‘of the siddhis/powers’
anyāsāmof other (ones)
anyāsām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeAdjective
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन — ‘of other (ones)’
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
pravarttanaminitiation/activation
pravarttanam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootpra-√vṛt (वृत् धातु) + lyuṭ/ana (प्रत्यय) → pravarttana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकृदन्त-भाववाचक (action noun), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन — ‘setting in motion/commencement’