Guṇa-vibhāga: The Three Modes and the Path Beyond Them
यदा जयेद् रज: सत्त्वं तमो मूढं लयं जडम् । युज्येत शोकमोहाभ्यां निद्रयाहिंसयाशया ॥ १५ ॥
yadā jayed rajaḥ sattvaṁ tamo mūḍhaṁ layaṁ jaḍam yujyeta śoka-mohābhyāṁ nidrayā hiṁsayāśayā
Ketika guna tamas yang bodoh dan beku mengalahkan rajas dan sattva, ia menutupi kesadaran dan membuat seseorang dungu serta tumpul. Terjerat duka dan ilusi, ia tidur berlebihan, memelihara harapan palsu, dan menunjukkan kekerasan kepada orang lain.
This verse explains that when passion defeats goodness and ignorance covers clarity, a person becomes dull and is bound by grief and illusion, living under the impulses of sleep, violence, and craving.
Śukadeva instructs Parīkṣit on how material nature binds the mind through the gunas, so the king can recognize degrading tendencies and fix his consciousness on liberation through devotion.
Notice when agitation and compulsive desire eclipse clarity; reduce habits that increase dullness (excess sleep, harshness, addictive craving) and choose practices that restore sattva and support bhakti—truthfulness, self-control, and remembrance of the Lord.