Mantra 3

Sukta 98

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

कदू न्व१स्याकृतमिन्द्रस्यास्ति पौंस्यम्। केनो नु कं श्रोमतेन न शुश्रुवे जनुषः परि वृत्रहा

IAST Transliteration

kadā́ nv àsyā́kṛtam índrasyā́sti paúṃsyam | kénō nú kaṃ śrómatená ná śuśruve janúṣaḥ pári vṛtrahā́ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When, then, is there aught unaccomplished of Indra’s manly puissance? By what renowned deed—by whom—hath it not been heard, the Vṛtra-slayer, from birth onward, far and wide?

Translation

Kapan, sungguh, ada sesuatu yang belum diselesaikan dari keperkasaan jantan Indra? Dengan perbuatan termasyhur yang mana—oleh siapa—tidak pernah terdengar, sang pembunuh Vṛtra, sejak kelahiran, jauh dan luas?

Word by Word

• कदू: when indeed?/how ever?
• कदू: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा (प्रश्नार्थ-अव्यय) + ऊ (निपात/एवकारार्थ) → कदू

• नु: now/then indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• अस्य: of this (one)
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आकृतम्: the deed/formation; what has been made
• आकृतम्: कर्म/विषय (contextual object: ‘what has been done/formed’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: आ + कृ (धातु) → आकृत (कृदन्त-भूतकृत) / आकृति (प्रातिपदिक) से नपुं. रूप

• इन्द्रस्य: of Indra
• इन्द्रस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्ति: is/exists
• अस्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• पौंस्यम्: manly power, prowess
• पौंस्यम्: कर्तृ-विशेष्य/विषय (predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुंस् → पौंस्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘manliness, virility’)

• केन: by what?/with what?
• केन: करण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: then/indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• कम्: whom?
• कम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक का रूप)

• श्रोमतेन: by (his) renown/fame
• श्रोमतेन: करण (instrumental of means/quality)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रोमत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘famed/heard-of, renowned’)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)

• शुश्रुवे: has been heard/was heard
• शुश्रुवे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु) → शुश्रुवे

• जनुषः: of (his) birth/origin
• जनुषः: अपादान/सम्बन्ध (ablatival-genitive sense: ‘from/with respect to birth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनुस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘birth, origin’)

• परि: around/about
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वृत्रहा: Vṛtra-slayer (Indra)
• वृत्रहा: कर्तृ (subject, vocative-like address possible)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वृत्रहन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘Vṛtra-slayer’)

Attribution

Rishi: RV provenance (Indra-stuti); in AV 20 these are adopted from the Rigvedic corpus (exact RV ṛṣi attribution requires hymn-level concordance).

Devata: Indra (Vṛtrahan)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type RV meter (requires padic scansion confirmation from the RV source hymn).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"Awe at Indra’s record → rising confidence → readiness for action.","listener_experience":"Energized, emboldened; obstacles feel smaller and more surmountable.","intensity":8}