Sutra 63

Devanagari script

मार्जकरक्षकधरकमायकमापकदायकदापकशलाकाप्रतिग्राहकदासकर्मकरवर्गश्च विष्टिः ॥ कZ_०२.१५.६३ ॥

Transliteration

mārjaka-rakṣaka-dharaka-māyaka-māpaka-dāyaka-dāpaka-śalākā-pratigrāhaka-dāsa-karmakara-vargaś ca viṣṭiḥ

Translation

Para penyapu, penjaga, pengangkut, pengukur, pengukur-ulang/pemeriksa ukuran, para pemberi, para penerima, pemegang tongkat hitung (śalākā), penerima token/tanda, serta kelompok budak dan buruh—semuanya termasuk viṣṭi (kerja paksa/layanan wajib).

Word by Word

• मार्जक: sweeper; cleaner
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृज्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समाहार-गण/वर्ग-निर्देशे पदरूपम्)

• रक्षक: guard; protector
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्ष्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• धरक: carrier; porter
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• मायक: measurer
• Type: Noun
• Root: मा (माने/मितौ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• मापक: measurer; one who measures out
• Type: Noun
• Root: मा (मितौ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• दायक: giver; distributor
• Type: Noun
• Root: दा
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• दापक: one who causes giving; issuer
• Type: Noun
• Root: दा (प्रेरणे—दापयति)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे); णिच्-प्रत्ययार्थक (causative sense)

• शलाका: tally-stick; marker rod
• Type: Noun
• Root: शलाका
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• प्रतिग्राहक: receiver; acceptor
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रह् (प्रति+ग्रह्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• दास: slave; servant
• Type: Noun
• Root: दास
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे)

• कर्मकर: workman; hired labourer
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (वर्ग-निर्देशे); कर्म करोति इति

• वर्गः: group; class
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ग
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘…वर्गः’ इति समाहार-निर्देशः

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

• विष्टिः: forced labour; corvée
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्टि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; परिभाषा/संज्ञा-रूपेण

Entities Mentioned

• sweepers
• guards
• porters
• measurers
• issuers
• receivers
• tally-stick system
• slaves
• laborers

More Details

FAQs

What internal-control idea is visible in listing ‘giver’ and ‘receiver’ separately?

Segregation of duties: the person who issues supplies should not be the same person who records/receives them, reducing fraud.

What is ‘śalākā’ doing in an administrative list?

It signals a token/tally mechanism for tracking issues and receipts—an early control instrument for stores accounting.