Agni Purana — Raja-dharma, Shloka 58
Rājanīti (Statecraft): Ṣaḍvidha-bala, Vyūha-vidhāna, and Strategic Warfare
अष्टानीको द्वितीयस्तु प्रथमः सर्वतोमुखः अर्धचन्द्रक ऊर्ध्वाङ्गो वज्रभेदास्तु संहतेः
aṣṭānīko dvitīyastu prathamaḥ sarvatomukhaḥ ardhacandraka ūrdhvāṅgo vajrabhedāstu saṃhateḥ
Formasi kedua ialah ‘Aṣṭānīka’ (berdelapan sisi); yang pertama ialah ‘Sarvatomukha’ (menghadap segala arah). ‘Ardhacandraka’, ‘Ūrdhvāṅga’, dan ‘Vajrabheda’—inilah ragam formasi ‘Saṃhati’, yakni susunan rapat dan memusat.
Lord Agni (instructing the sage Vasiṣṭha in the Agni Purana’s Dhanurveda material)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dhanurveda","secondary_vidya":"Arthashastra","practical_application":"Catalog of saṃhati (compact/massed) formation types for commanders to choose based on terrain, enemy approach vectors, and need for shock/defense.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Saṃhati (massed) formation varieties: Sarvatomukha, Aṣṭānīka, Ardhacandraka, Ūrdhvāṅga, Vajrabheda","lookup_keywords":["Saṃhati vyūha","Sarvatomukha","Aṣṭānīka","Ardhacandraka","Vajrabheda"],"quick_summary":"Lists key compact formations: all-facing defense, eight-pointed deployment, crescent, upward-extended, and ‘vajra-splitting’ shock array—used to adapt massed troops to tactical needs."}
Weapon Type: Combined arms implied (caturaṅga); formation-centric
Concept: Right arrangement (saṃhati) converts many into one force; geometry becomes strategy.
Application: Choose sarvatomukha for defense in open threat environment; vajrabheda for breaking enemy center; ardhacandra for flanking on wider fronts.
Khanda Section: Dhanurveda (Military science: battle formations and tactical arrays)
Primary Rasa: vira
Secondary Rasa: adbhuta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Overhead view of a massed army demonstrating five compact formations: Sarvatomukha (faces outward), Aṣṭānīka (eight-point star), Ardhacandraka (crescent), Ūrdhvāṅga (projecting spearhead), and Vajrabheda (diamond/wedge splitting the enemy line).","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, stylized troops and banners forming clear geometric shapes, strong color blocks, rhythmic repetition, commanders at edges, dramatic yet schematic battlefield","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, royal commander on elephant overseeing gold-accented formation geometry, ornate borders, troops arranged into star/crescent/wedge shapes with decorative clarity","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, instructional battlefield diagram with neat troop icons, labeled formation names, emphasis on geometry and movement arrows, subdued palette","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, panoramic battle with precise ranks, wedge charge depicted, crescent flank visible, detailed armor and standards, high viewpoint to show shapes"}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":null,"pace":"medium","voice_tone":"epic"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: द्वितीयस्तु → द्वितीयः तु; वज्रभेदास्तु → वज्रभेदाः तु
Related Themes: Agni Purana Dhanurveda sections enumerating vyūhas and their lakṣaṇas (same khanda, adjacent verses)
FAQs
It transmits Dhanurveda terminology by listing specific named battle arrays (vyūhas)—Sarvatomukha, Aṣṭānīka, Ardhacandraka, Ūrdhvāṅga, and Vajrabheda—classified under a compact/massed formation (saṃhati) for practical troop deployment.
Alongside theology and ritual, the Agni Purana preserves technical military vocabulary and battlefield science—showing it functions as a multi-disciplinary manual that includes strategy, formations, and applied statecraft knowledge.
While primarily tactical, the Purāṇic framing treats righteous protection of society (dharma-rakṣaṇa) as a duty of kings and warriors; disciplined, properly classified methods of defense are implicitly aligned with dharma when used for just governance.