Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 37
Chapter 360 — अव्ययवर्गाः
Groups of Indeclinables
उभयद्युश्चोभयेद्युः परे त्वह्नि परेद्यपि ह्यो गते ऽनागते ऽह्नि श्वः परश्वः श्वःपरे ऽहनि
ubhayadyuścobhayedyuḥ pare tvahni paredyapi hyo gate 'nāgate 'hni śvaḥ paraśvaḥ śvaḥpare 'hani
‘Ubhayadyuḥ’ (juga ‘ubhayedyuḥ’) dipakai untuk menyebut satu hari yang, terhadap dua titik acuan, sekaligus dianggap “sebelum” dan “sesudah”. ‘Paredyuḥ’ juga dipakai untuk hari yang lebih jauh sesudahnya. ‘Hyaḥ’ berarti hari yang telah lewat; untuk hari yang belum datang disebut ‘śvaḥ’; lusa ‘paraśvaḥ’; dan hari sesudah lusa ‘śvaḥpare’.
Lord Agni (instructing the sage Vasiṣṭha, in the Agni Purana’s encyclopedic grammar section)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Vyakarana","secondary_vidya":"Samanya","practical_application":"Correctly choosing temporal day-designators in narration, ritual scheduling, legal/administrative dating, and precise Sanskrit composition.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Ahnaḥ-vācaka Avyayāni (Day-designators: hyaḥ, śvaḥ, paraśvaḥ, etc.)","lookup_keywords":["hyaḥ","śvaḥ","paraśvaḥ","paredyuḥ","ubhayadyuḥ"],"quick_summary":"Defines indeclinable day-terms for past and future reference: hyaḥ (yesterday), śvaḥ (tomorrow), paraśvaḥ (day after tomorrow), śvaḥpare (the following day), and paredyuḥ/ubhayadyuḥ for further/relative days."}
Concept: Śabda-niyama: fixed conventional meanings of time-words enable unambiguous communication.
Application: Use standardized temporal adverbs to avoid ambiguity in vows, contracts, ritual timings, and narrative chronology.
Khanda Section: Vyakarana (Sanskrit Grammar) – Kala/Vachaka (Temporal Adverbs and Day-Designators)
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: shanta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A traditional Sanskrit classroom scene where a teacher points to a palm-leaf chart listing day-words (hyaḥ, śvaḥ, paraśvaḥ, paredyuḥ) with a timeline drawn beside it.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala temple mural style, warm earthy palette, guru in white mundu teaching disciples, palm-leaf manuscript open, stylized timeline with Sanskrit words hyaḥ śvaḥ paraśvaḥ, flat iconic composition, minimal background architecture.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, ornate frame, gold-leaf highlights on palm-leaf manuscript and teacher’s halo-like aura, seated guru and students, Sanskrit day-terms inscribed clearly, rich reds and greens.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting style, delicate linework, instructional chart of temporal adverbs beside a seated ācārya, soft colors, emphasis on legible Devanagari labels and orderly timeline.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, courtly study circle, fine detailing of manuscripts and inkpot, a timeline diagram on paper, Devanagari labels for hyaḥ/śvaḥ/paraśvaḥ, architectural interior with patterned carpet."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"didactic","suggested_raga":"Shankarabharanam","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: उभयद्युः च उभयेद्युः → उभयद्युश्चोभयेद्युः; तु अह्नि → त्वह्नि; गते 'नागते 'ह्नि → गते अनागते अह्नि; श्वः परे 'हनि → श्वःपरे 'हनि (अहनि = अह्नि छान्दस).
Related Themes: Agni Purana 360 (Avyaya/avyaya-nirukta section); Agni Purana 361 (transition to nighaṇṭu/nānārtha)
FAQs
This verse imparts vyākaraṇa/śabda-vidyā: precise Sanskrit usage of day-designators (hyaḥ, śvaḥ, paraśvaḥ, paredyuḥ, etc.) for accurate temporal reference in speech, śāstra, and ritual scheduling.
By cataloging technical linguistic conventions (not theology alone), it shows the Agni Purana’s encyclopedic scope—preserving practical knowledge such as grammar and lexicography alongside ritual, polity, medicine, and arts.
Correct time-terms support correct performance and documentation of rites (kāla-śuddhi). In dharma contexts, accurate temporal designation helps ensure rituals are done at the proper time, safeguarding intended merit (puṇya) and avoiding procedural fault.