Ishavasya Upanishad: Verse 1

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

ईशावास्यमिदं सर्वं यत्किञ्च जगत्यां जगत् । तेन त्यक्तेन भुञ्जीथा मा गृधः कस्यस्विद्धनम् ॥१॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

ईशा । वास्यम् । इदम् । सर्वम् । यत् । किञ्च । जगत्याम् । जगत् । तेन । त्यक्तेन । भुञ्जीथाः । मा । गृधः । कस्य । स्वित् । धनम् ।

Recitation with translationIshavasya Upanishad 1

IAST Transliteration

īśāvāsyam idaṃ sarvaṃ yat kiñca jagatyāṃ jagat | tena tyaktena bhuñjīthā mā gṛdhaḥ kasya svid dhanam ||1||

Translation

देखो, यह पूरी दुनिया भगवान से भरी है। जो भी चल रहा है, सब उसमें है। जो मिल रहा है, उससे खुश रहके इस्तेमाल करो। दूसरे के पैसा या माल के पीछे मत भागो।

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Academic Translation

All this—whatever moves in this moving world—is to be covered (pervaded) by the Lord. By that renounced (or relinquished) [attitude], you should enjoy; do not covet anyone’s wealth.

Word by Word

• īśa-āvāsyam: covered/inhabited by the Lord
• Type: Adjective
• Root: īśa (प्रातिपदिक) + āvāsa/āvāsya (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √vas निवासे)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; (idaṃ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• idam: this
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्

• sarvam: all, entire
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; (idam इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• yat: whatever which
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; सम्बन्धसूचकं (relative)

• kiñca: anything whatsoever
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: kim + ca (सर्वनाम + अव्यय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; ‘किञ्च’ = ‘किञ्चित्’ (अनिश्चित)

• jagatyām: in the moving world (in the universe/earth)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jagatī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे सप्तमी एकवचनम्

• jagat: the moving world; all that moves
• Type: Noun
• Root: jagat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्

• tena: by that; with that
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसक/पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया एकवचनम्

• tyaktena: by renunciation; with what is relinquished
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tyakta (कृदन्त; √tyaj त्यागे)
• Form: नपुंसक/पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया एकवचनम्; भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

• bhuñjīthāḥ: enjoy/partake (live)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhuj (भुज् भोगे/पालने)
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थे) मध्यमपुरुष एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• mā: do not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: mā (अव्यय; निषेध)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्ययम् (prohibitive)

• gṛdhaḥ: do not covet
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gṛdh (गृध् अभिकाङ्क्षायाम्/लोभे)
• Form: मा-प्रयोगे लुङ् (आज्ञार्थक/प्रोहिबिटिव) मध्यमपुरुष एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• kasya: of whom? whose?
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम्

• svit: indeed; pray; at all (emphatic particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svit (अव्यय; नूनम्/किम्-प्रश्न-निपात)
• Form: निपातः; प्रश्न/अनिश्चिततासूचकः

• dhanam: wealth, possession
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्

Sandhi Notes

• īśāvāsyam = īśa + āvāsyam (a + ā → ā)
• yat kiñca → yat + kiñca (no change)
• jagatyāṃ jagat (external sandhi none)
• tena tyaktena (no change)
• mā gṛdhaḥ (prohibitive mā + aorist)
• kasya svid → kasya + svit (separated particle)

Verse Context

• Brahman/Īśvara-pervasion; tyāga (renunciation) as the basis of right enjoyment; aparigraha (non-possessiveness)
• Mahavakya: Indirectly supports mahāvākya teaching by grounding non-duality/inner Lord-pervasion that enables recognition of the Self (cf. ‘aham brahmāsmi’/‘tat tvam asi’ as realized through renunciation and knowledge).
• Yajurveda
• Shukla (Vajasaneyi) Yajurveda; Madhyandina/Kanva recensions (Isha Upanishad appended to Vajasaneyi Samhita) Shakha
• Chandas: Prose (Yajurvedic mantra style; not a fixed classical chandas)